Dual non-diffractive terahertz beam generators based on all-dielectric metasurface

doi:10.1007/s12200-020-1098-8

Front. Optoelectron.

2021, Vol. 14

Issue (2) : 201-210 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-020-1098-8

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Dual non-diffractive terahertz beam generators based on all-dielectric metasurface

Chunyu LIU¹, Yanfeng LI¹(

), Xi FENG^1,², Xixiang ZHANG², Jiaguang HAN¹, Weili ZHANG³

¹. Center for Terahertz Waves, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education of China), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
². Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
³. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA

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Abstract

The applications of terahertz (THz) technology can be greatly extended using non-diffractive beams with unique field distributions and non-diffractive transmission characteristics. Here, we design and experimentally demonstrate a set of dual non-diffractive THz beam generators based on an all-dielectric metasurface. Two kinds of non-diffractive beams with dramatically opposite focusing properties, Bessel beam and abruptly autofocusing (AAF) beam, are considered. A Bessel beam with long-distance non-diffractive characteristics and an AAF beam with low energy during transmission and abruptly increased energy near the focus are generated for x- and y-polarized incident waves, respectively. These two kinds of beams are characterized and the results agree well with simulations. In addition, we show numerically that these two kinds of beams can also carry orbital angular momentum by further imposing proper angular phases in the design. We believe that these metasurface-based beam generators have great potential use in THz imaging, communications, non-destructive evaluation, and many other fields.

Keywords terahertz (THz) wave all-dielectric metasurface Bessel beam abruptly autofocusing (AAF) beam vortex beam

Corresponding Author(s): Yanfeng LI

Just Accepted Date: 17 November 2020 Online First Date: 10 December 2020 Issue Date: 14 July 2021

Cite this article:

Chunyu LIU,Yanfeng LI,Xi FENG, et al. Dual non-diffractive terahertz beam generators based on all-dielectric metasurface[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2021, 14(2): 201-210.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-020-1098-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2021/V14/I2/201

Fig.1 (a) Schematic of the rectangular-shaped pillar unit cell of the metasurface-based dual beam generator, which is made of silicon. The period of the square unit cell is p, the height is h, and the sides are l_x and l_y, respectively. (b) Scanning electron microcopy (SEM) image of the fabricated metasurface. The inset shows a zoomed portion

Fig.2 Simulated performance of the dual non-diffractive THz beam generator. (a) and (b) Simulated intensity profiles for a Bessel beam with Z_max = 6 mm in the x-z (y = 0) and x-y cross-sections (z = 4 mm), respectively, under x-polarized incidence. (c) and (d) Simulated intensity profiles for a Bessel beam with Z_max = 10 mm in the x-z (y = 0) and x-y cross-sections (z = 7 mm), respectively, under x-polarized incidence. (e) and (f) Simulated intensity profiles for the AAF beam in the x-z (y = 0) and x-y cross-sections (z = 2.5 mm), respectively, under y-polarized incidence

Fig.3 Illustration of experimental setup. 3-D TSH: three-dimensional translational sample holder; 2-D TD: two-dimensional translational detector

Fig.4 Experimental results of the dual non-diffractive THz beam generator. (a) and (b) Measured normalized intensity distributions for the Bessel beam in the x-z (y = 0) and x-y cross-sections (z = 4 mm), respectively, under x-polarized incidence. (c) and (d) Measured normalized intensity distributions for the AAF beam in the x-z (y = 0) and x-y cross-sections (z = 2.5 mm), respectively, under y-polarized incidence

Fig.5 (a) and (b) Simulated intensity profiles for AAF beams with two different focal lengths (z_c = 3.5 mm and z_c = 4.5 mm, respectively) in the x-z cross-section (y = 0). (c) and (d) Corresponding experimental results

Fig.6 (a) and (b) Intensity profile of the 1st-order Bessel beam (Z_max = 10 mm) in the x-z and x-y cross-sections (z = 7 mm), respectively, under x-polarized incidence. (c) and (d) Intensity profile of the 2nd-order AAF vortex beam (z_c = 3.5 mm) in the x-z and x-y cross-sections (z = 3.85 mm), respectively, under y-polarized incidence

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