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Frontiers of Optoelectronics

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Front. Optoelectron.    2021, Vol. 14 Issue (3) : 278-287    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-021-1090-y
MINI REVIEW
Relationship between circadian rhythm and brain cognitive functions
Shiyang XU, Miriam AKIOMA, Zhen YUAN()
Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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Abstract

Circadian rhythms are considered a masterstroke of natural selection, which gradually increase the adaptability of species to the Earth’s rotation. Importantly, the nervous system plays a key role in allowing organisms to maintain circadian rhythmicity. Circadian rhythms affect multiple aspects of cognitive functions (mainly via arousal), particularly those needed for effort-intensive cognitive tasks, which require considerable top-down executive control. These include inhibitory control, working memory, task switching, and psychomotor vigilance. This mini review highlights the recent advances in cognitive functioning in the optical and multimodal neuroimaging fields; it discusses the processing of brain cognitive functions during the circadian rhythm phase and the effects of the circadian rhythm on the cognitive component of the brain and the brain circuit supporting cognition.
Keywords circadian rhythm      cognition      optical neuroimaging      multimodal neuroimaging     
Corresponding Author(s): Zhen YUAN   
Just Accepted Date: 07 February 2021   Online First Date: 27 April 2021    Issue Date: 30 September 2021
 Cite this article:   
Shiyang XU,Miriam AKIOMA,Zhen YUAN. Relationship between circadian rhythm and brain cognitive functions[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2021, 14(3): 278-287.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-021-1090-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2021/V14/I3/278
Fig.1  Effect of state on Default Mode Network functional connectivity. The extensive functional connectivity decreased after sleep deprivation (adapted from Ref. [49]). dMPFC: dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, vMPFC: ventromedial frontal cortex, RLTC: right lateral temporal cortex, RIPL: right inferior parietal lobe, PCC: posterior cingulate cortex, LIPL: left inferior parietal lobe, and LLTC: left lateral temporal cortex
Fig.2  Reduced task-related deactivation in the anterior medial frontal and posterior cingulate regions after sleep deprivation. Region of interest from which the extent of deactivation was determined. Reproduced from Ref. [65]
Fig.3  Mediation model demonstrates that the relationship between circadian activity rhythm consistency and associative recognition accuracy was mediated by hippocampal activity. Standardized beta values are included on the model paths in black. The gray value on the path represents the standardized beta value before the hippocampal activity was included in the model. The scatterplots show paths A and B, which illustrate the relationships between hippocampal activity, circadian activity rhythm consistency, and associative recognition accuracy. *p<0.05, **p<0.01. Adapted from Ref. [88]
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