Material exploration via designing spatial arrangement of octahedral units: a case study of lead halide perovskites

doi:10.1007/s12200-021-1227-z

Front. Optoelectron.

2021, Vol. 14

Issue (2) : 252-259 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-021-1227-z

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Material exploration via designing spatial arrangement of octahedral units: a case study of lead halide perovskites

Pengfei FU¹, Sanlue HU^1,², Jiang TANG^1,³, Zewen XIAO^1,²(

)

¹. Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
². School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
³. School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

Download: PDF(848 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

Halide perovskites have attracted tremendous attention as semiconducting materials for various optoelectronic applications. The functional metal-halide octahedral units and their spatial arrangements play a key role in the optoelectronic properties of these materials. At present, most of the efforts for material exploration focus on substituting the constituent elements of functional octahedral units, whereas designing the spatial arrangement of the functional units has received relatively little consideration. In this work, via a global structure search based on density functional theory (DFT), we discovered a metastable three-dimensional honeycomb-like perovskite structure with the functional octahedral units arranged through mixed edge- and corner-sharing. We experimentally confirmed that the honeycomb-like perovskite structure can be stabilized by divalent molecular cations with suitable size and shape, such as 2,2′-bisimidazole (BIM). DFT calculations and experimental characterizations revealed that the honeycomb-like perovskite with the formula of BIMPb₂I₆, synthesized through a solution process, exhibits high electronic dimensionality, a direct allowed bandgap of 2.1 eV, small effective masses for both electrons and holes, and high optical absorption coefficients, which indicates a significant potential for optoelectronic applications. The employed combination of DFT and experimental study provides an exemplary approach to explore prospective optoelectronic semiconductors via spatially arranging functional units.

Keywords lead halide perovskite electronic dimensionality functional octahedral units optoelectronic properties photodetector

Corresponding Author(s): Zewen XIAO

Online First Date: 23 April 2021 Issue Date: 14 July 2021

Cite this article:

Pengfei FU,Sanlue HU,Jiang TANG, et al. Material exploration via designing spatial arrangement of octahedral units: a case study of lead halide perovskites[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2021, 14(2): 252-259.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-021-1227-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2021/V14/I2/252

Fig.1 (a) Crystal structures, formation energies, and (b) band structures of newly-predicted honeycomb-like CsPbI₃ perovskite alone with already-synthesized α-, γ-, and δ-CsPbI₃ for comparison. The band structures are aligned by the averaged electrostatic potential, with the valence band maximum of α-CsPbI₃ set to zero

Fig.2 (a) Crystal structure of BIMPb₂I₆ viewed along the [001] direction; Pb, I, C, N, and H atoms are denoted by dark gray, purple, brown, light blue, and pink spheres, respectively. The octahedral nature of the Pb is illustrated using polyhedra. (b) Experimental and simulated powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns of BIMPb₂I₆. (c) Room-temperature low-frequency Raman spectra of BIMPb₂I₆. (d) Fourier transform infrared spectra of BIMPb₂I₆, along with the BIMI precursor for comparison

Fig.3 (a) Calculated band structure of BIMPb₂I₆ along the k-path shown in the inset Brillouin zone. (b) Isosurface plots of charge density corresponding to conduction band minimum (CBM) and valence band maximum (VBM) at the M point. (c) Calculated transition matrix elements (unit: Debye²) along the k-path shown in the inset Brillouin zone

Fig.4 (a) Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption and photoluminance (PL) spectra of BIMPb₂I₆ powder. The inset depicts the dark-grown BIMPb₂I₆ crystals. (b) Current–voltage (I–V) curves of a detector based on a BIMPb₂I₆ single crystal under laser illumination (λ = 637 nm) with different power intensities. (c) Switching cycles of photoresponse of the device under 20 mW/cm² of 637-nm laser at the bias voltage of 10 V. (d) A single switching cycle of photoresponse. The rise time (t_r) and fall time (t_f) are intervals that photocurrent rise from 10% to 90% and fall from 90% to 10%, respectively

1	J Y Kim, J W Lee, H S Jung, H Shin, N G Park. High-efficiency perovskite solar cells. Chemical Reviews, 2020, 120(15): 7867–7918 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00107 pmid: 32786671
2	A K Jena, A Kulkarni, T Miyasaka. Halide perovskite photovoltaics: background, status, and future prospects. Chemical Reviews, 2019, 119(5): 3036–3103 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00539 pmid: 30821144
3	X Yu, H N Tsao, Z Zhang, P Gao. Miscellaneous and perspicacious: hybrid halide perovskite materials based photodetectors and sensors. Advanced Optical Materials, 2020, 8(21): 2001095 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202001095
4	Y Fang, Q Dong, Y Shao, Y Yuan, J Huang. Highly narrowband perovskite single-crystal photodetectors enabled by surface-charge recombination. Nature Photonics, 2015, 9(10): 679–686 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2015.156
5	H P Wang, S Li, X Liu, Z Shi, X Fang, J H He. Low-dimensional metal halide perovskite photodetectors. Advanced Materials, 2021, 33(7): e2003309 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202003309 pmid: 33346383
6	Z K Tan, R S Moghaddam, M L Lai, P Docampo, R Higler, F Deschler, M Price, A Sadhanala, L M Pazos, D Credgington, F Hanusch, T Bein, H J Snaith, R H Friend. Bright light-emitting diodes based on organometal halide perovskite. Nature Nanotechnology, 2014, 9(9): 687–692 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.149 pmid: 25086602
7	W Xu, Q Hu, S Bai, C Bao, Y Miao, Z Yuan, T Borzda, A J Barker, E Tyukalova, Z Hu, M Kawecki, H Wang, Z Yan, X Liu, X Shi, K Uvdal, M Fahlman, W Zhang, M Duchamp, J M Liu, A Petrozza, J Wang, L M Liu, W Huang, F Gao. Rational molecular passivation for high-performance perovskite light-emitting diodes. Nature Photonics, 2019, 13(6): 418–424 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-019-0390-x
8	J Luo, X Wang, S Li, J Liu, Y Guo, G Niu, L Yao, Y Fu, L Gao, Q Dong, C Zhao, M Leng, F Ma, W Liang, L Wang, S Jin, J Han, L Zhang, J Etheridge, J Wang, Y Yan, E H Sargent, J Tang. Efficient and stable emission of warm-white light from lead-free halide double perovskites. Nature, 2018, 563(7732): 541–545 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0691-0 pmid: 30405238
9	C Yan, K Lin, J Lu, Z Wei. Composition engineering to obtain efficient hybrid perovskite light-emitting diodes. Frontiers of Optoelectronics, 2020, 13(3): 282–290 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-020-1046-7
10	J Huang, Y Yuan, Y Shao, Y Yan. Understanding the physical properties of hybrid perovskites for photovoltaic applications. Nature Reviews. Materials, 2017, 2(7): 17042 https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2017.42
11	Z Xiao, Y Yan. Progress in theoretical study of metal halide perovskite solar cell materials. Energy Materials, 2017, 7(22): 1701136 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201701136
12	W J Yin, T Shi, Y Yan. Unique properties of halide perovskites as possible origins of the superior solar cell performance. Advanced Materials, 2014, 26(27): 4653–4658 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201306281 pmid: 24827122
13	W Meng, X Wang, Z Xiao, J Wang, D B Mitzi, Y Yan. Parity-forbidden transitions and their impact on the optical absorption properties of lead-free metal halide perovskites and double perovskites. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2017, 8(13): 2999–3007 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01042 pmid: 28604009
14	P Umari, E Mosconi, F De Angelis. Relativistic GW calculations on CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3SnI3 perovskites for solar cell applications. Scientific Reports, 2014, 4(1): 4467 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04467 pmid: 24667758
15	M A Green, Y Jiang, A M Soufiani, A Ho-Baillie. Optical properties of photovoltaic organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2015, 6(23): 4774–4785 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01865 pmid: 26560862
16	S D Stranks, G E Eperon, G Grancini, C Menelaou, M J P Alcocer, T Leijtens, L M Herz, A Petrozza, H J Snaith. Electron-hole diffusion lengths exceeding 1 micrometer in an organometal trihalide perovskite absorber. Science, 2013, 342(6156): 341–344 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243982 pmid: 24136964
17	W J Yin, T Shi, Y Yan. Unusual defect physics in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cell absorber. Applied Physics Letters, 2014, 104(6): 063903 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4864778
18	J Kang, L W Wang. High defect tolerance in lead halide perovskite CsPbBr3. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2017, 8(2): 489–493 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02800 pmid: 28071911
19	H Huang, M I Bodnarchuk, S V Kershaw, M V Kovalenko, A L Rogach. Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals in the research spotlight: stability and defect tolerance. ACS Energy Letters, 2017, 2(9): 2071–2083 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00547 pmid: 28920080
20	D Meggiolaro, S G Motti, E Mosconi, A J Barker, J Ball, C Andrea Riccardo Perini, F Deschler, A Petrozza, F De Angelis. Iodine chemistry determines the defect tolerance of lead-halide perovskites. Energy & Environmental Science, 2018, 11(3): 702–713 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE00124C
21	K Chen, L Li. Ordered structures with functional units as a paradigm of material design. Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(32): e1901115 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201901115 pmid: 31199019
22	Z Xiao, W Meng, J Wang, D B Mitzi, Y Yan. Searching for promising new perovskite-based photovoltaic absorbers: the importance of electronic dimensionality. Materials Horizons, 2017, 4(2): 206–216 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6MH00519E
23	C C Stoumpos, C D Malliakas, M G Kanatzidis. Semiconducting tin and lead iodide perovskites with organic cations: phase transitions, high mobilities, and near-infrared photoluminescent properties. Inorganic Chemistry, 2013, 52(15): 9019–9038 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic401215x pmid: 23834108
24	J Brgoch, A J Lehner, M L Chabinyc, R Seshadri. Ab initio calculations of band gaps and absolute band positions of polymorphs of RbPbI3 and CsPbI3: implications for main-group halide perovskite photovoltaics. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2014, 118(48): 27721–27727 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp508880y
25	B Saparov, D B Mitzi. Organic-inorganic perovskites: structural versatility for functional materials design. Chemical Reviews, 2016, 116(7): 4558–4596 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00715 pmid: 27040120
26	R F Kahwagi, S T Thornton, B Smith, G I Koleilat. Dimensionality engineering of metal halide perovskites. Frontiers of Optoelectronics, 2020, 13(3): 196–224 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-020-1039-6
27	C P Raptopoulou, A Terzis, G A Mousdis, G C Papavassiliou. Preparation, structure and optical properties of [CH3SC(NH2)2]3SnI5, [CH3SC(NH2)2][HSC(NH2)2]SnBr4, (CH3C5H4NCH3)PbBr3, and [C6H5CH2SC(NH2)2]4Pb3I10. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. Teil B. Anorganische Chemie, Organische Chemie, Biochemie, Biophysik, Biologie, 2002, 57(6): 645–650 https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-2002-0609
28	M I Saidaminov, J Almutlaq, S Sarmah, I Dursun, A A Zhumekenov, R Begum, J Pan, N Cho, O F Mohammed, O M Bakr. Pure Cs4PbBr6: highly luminescent zero-dimensional perovskite solids. ACS Energy Letters, 2016, 1(4): 840–845 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00396
29	Y Zhang, M I Saidaminov, I Dursun, H Yang, B Murali, E Alarousu, E Yengel, B A Alshankiti, O M Bakr, O F Mohammed. Zero-dimensional Cs4PbBr6 perovskite nanocrystals. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2017, 8(5): 961–965 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00105 pmid: 28181438
30	H Lin, C Zhou, Y Tian, T Siegrist, B Ma. Low-dimensional organometal halide perovskites. ACS Energy Letters, 2018, 3(1): 54–62 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00926 pmid: 30662954
31	M D Smith, B A Connor, H I Karunadasa. Tuning the luminescence of layered halide perovskites. Chemical Reviews, 2019, 119(5): 3104–3139 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00477 pmid: 30689364
32	Z Tan, J Li, C Zhang, Z Li, Q Hu, Z Xiao, T Kamiya, H Hosono, G Niu, E Lifshitz, Y Cheng, J Tang. Highly efficient blue-emitting Bi-doped Cs2SnCl6 perovskite variant: photoluminescence induced by impurity doping. Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(29): 1801131 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201801131
33	J Li, Z Tan, M Hu, C Chen, J Luo, S Li, L Gao, Z Xiao, G Niu, J Tang. Antimony doped Cs2SnCl6 with bright and stable emission. Frontiers of Optoelectronics, 2019, 12(4): 352–364 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-019-0907-4
34	Z Tan, Y Chu, J Chen, J Li, G Ji, G Niu, L Gao, Z Xiao, J Tang. Lead-free perovskite variant solid solutions Cs2Sn1−xTexCl6: bright luminescence and high anti-water stability. Advanced Materials, 2020, 32(32): e2002443 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202002443 pmid: 32596962
35	Z Xiao, Z Song, Y Yan. From lead halide perovskites to lead-free metal halide perovskites and perovskite derivatives. Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(47): e1803792 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201803792 pmid: 30680809
36	X G G Zhao, D Yang, J C C Ren, Y Sun, Z Xiao, L Zhang. Rational design of halide double perovskites for optoelectronic applications. Joule, 2018, 2(9): 1662–1673 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.06.017
37	A Swarnkar, A R Marshall, E M Sanehira, B D Chernomordik, D T Moore, J A Christians, T Chakrabarti, J M Luther. Quantum dot-induced phase stabilization of α-CsPbI3 perovskite for high-efficiency photovoltaics. Science, 2016, 354(6308): 92–95 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aag2700 pmid: 27846497
38	Y Jiang, J Yuan, Y Ni, J Yang, Y Wang, T Jiu, M Yuan, J Chen. Reduced-dimensional α-CsPbX3 perovskites for efficient and stable photovoltaics. Joule, 2018, 2(7): 1356–1368 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.05.004
39	B Han, B Cai, Q Shan, J Song, J Li, F Zhang, J Chen, T Fang, Q Ji, X Xu, H Zeng. Stable, efficient red perovskite light-emitting diodes by (α,δ)-CsPbI3 phase engineering. Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(47): 1804285 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201804285
40	K Chen, Q Zhong, W Chen, B Sang, Y Wang, T Yang, Y Liu, Y Zhang, H Zhang. Short-chain ligand-passivated stable α-CsPbI3 quantum dot for all-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, 29(24): 1900991 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201900991
41	Y Hu, F Bai, X Liu, Q Ji, X Miao, T Qiu, S Zhang. Bismuth incorporation stabilized α-CsPbI3 for fully inorganic perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Letters, 2017, 2(10): 2219–2227 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00508
42	P M Woodward. Octahedral tilting in perovskites. I. Geometrical considerations. Acta Crystallographica. Section B, Structural Science, 1997, 53(1): 32–43 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108768196010713
43	D Umeyama, L Leppert, B A Connor, M A Manumpil, J B Neaton, H I Karunadasa. Expanded analogs of three-dimensional lead-halide hybrid perovskites. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2020, 59(43): 19087–19094 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202005012 pmid: 32649785
44	Z Tang, J Guan, A M Guloy. Synthesis and crystal structure of new organic-based layered perovskites with 2,2′-biimidazolium cations. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2001, 11(2): 479–482 https://doi.org/10.1039/b007639m
45	C Quarti, G Grancini, E Mosconi, P Bruno, J M Ball, M M Lee, H J Snaith, A Petrozza, F D Angelis. The Raman spectrum of the CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid perovskite: interplay of theory and experiment. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2014, 5(2): 279–284 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz402589q pmid: 26270700
46	D Cortecchia, S Neutzner, A R Srimath Kandada, E Mosconi, D Meggiolaro, F De Angelis, C Soci, A Petrozza. Broadband emission in two-dimensional hybrid perovskites: the role of structural deformation. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2017, 139(1): 39–42 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b10390 pmid: 28024394
47	O Yaffe, Y Guo, L Z Tan, D A Egger, T Hull, C C Stoumpos, F Zheng, T F Heinz, L Kronik, M G Kanatzidis, J S Owen, A M Rappe, M A Pimenta, L E Brus. Local polar fluctuations in lead halide perovskite crystals. Physical Review Letters, 2017, 118(13): 136001 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.136001 pmid: 28409968
48	Z Xiao, W Meng, B Saparov, H S Duan, C Wang, C Feng, W Liao, W Ke, D Zhao, J Wang, D B Mitzi, Y Yan. Photovoltaic properties of two-dimensional (CH3NH3)2Pb(SCN)2I2 perovskite: a combined experimental and density functional theory study. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2016, 7(7): 1213–1218 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00248 pmid: 26975723
49	M Saba, M Cadelano, D Marongiu, F Chen, V Sarritzu, N Sestu, C Figus, M Aresti, R Piras, A G Lehmann, C Cannas, A Musinu, F Quochi, A Mura, G Bongiovanni. Correlated electron-hole plasma in organometal perovskites. Nature Communications, 2014, 5(1): 5049 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6049 pmid: 25266869
50	J Shi, H Zhang, Y Li, J J Jasieniak, Y Li, H Wu, Y Luo, D Li, Q Meng. Identification of high-temperature exciton states and their phase-dependent trapping behaviour in lead halide perovskites. Energy & Environmental Science, 2018, 11(6): 1460–1469 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7EE03543H
51	G Kresse, J Furthmüller. Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter, 1996, 54(16): 11169–11186 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.11169 pmid: 9984901
52	Y Wang, J Lv, L Zhu, Y Ma. Crystal structure prediction via particle-swarm optimization. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2010, 82(9): 094116 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.82.094116
53	Y Wang, J Lv, L Zhu, Y Ma. CALYPSO: a method for crystal structure prediction. Computer Physics Communications, 2012, 183(10): 2063–2070 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2012.05.008
54	J P Perdew, K Burke, M Ernzerhof. Generalized gradient approximation made simple. Physical Review Letters, 1996, 77(18): 3865–3868 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865 pmid: 10062328
55	A Togo, I Tanaka. First principles phonon calculations in materials science. Scripta Materialia, 2015, 108: 1–5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.07.021
56	Q Zheng. VASP_TDM, , 2016
57	J Heyd, G E Scuseria, M Ernzerhof. Hybrid functionals based on a screened Coulomb potential. Journal of Chemical Physics, 2003, 118(18): 8207–8215 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1564060
58	J Heyd, G E Scuseria, M Ernzerhof. Erratum: “Hybrid functionals based on a screened Coulomb potential”. Journal of Chemical Physics, 2006, 124(21): 219906 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2204597
59	A Fonari, S Stauffer. VASP_RAMAN.PY, , 2013
60	S Matsumoto, M Watanabe, M Akazome. Incrementing Stokes shifts through the formation of 2,2′-biimidazoldiium salts. Organic Letters, 2018, 20(12): 3613–3617 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01376 pmid: 29790755
61	K Momma, F Izumi. VESTA : a three-dimensional visualization system for electronic and structural analysis. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 2008, 41(3): 653–658 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889808012016

[1]

Supplementary Material

Download

[1]	Mengjia Jiang, Shuyu Li, Chun Zhen, Lingsong Wang, Fei Li, Yihan Zhang, Weibing Dong, Xiaotao Zhang, Wenping Hu. TCNQ-based organic cocrystal integrated red emission and n-type charge transport[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2022, 15(2): 21-.
[2]	Tae Wook Kim, Sung Hyun Kim, Jae Won Shim, Do Kyung Hwang. Organic photodiode with dual functions of indoor photovoltaic and high-speed photodetector[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2022, 15(2): 18-.
[3]	Zhenyao CHEN, Junjie MEI, Ye ZHANG, Jishu TAN, Qing XIONG, Changhong CHEN. Interface phonon polariton coupling to enhance graphene absorption[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2021, 14(4): 445-449.
[4]	Rashad F. KAHWAGI, Sean T. THORNTON, Ben SMITH, Ghada I. KOLEILAT. Dimensionality engineering of metal halide perovskites[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2020, 13(3): 196-224.
[5]	Zidong ZHANG, Juehan YANG, Fuhong MEI, Guozhen SHEN. Longitudinal twinning α-In₂Se₃ nanowires for UV-visible-NIR photodetectors with high sensitivity[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2018, 11(3): 245-255.
[6]	Daoxin DAI,Yanlong YIN,Longhai YU,Hao WU,Di LIANG,Zhechao WANG,Liu LIU. Silicon-plus photonics[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2016, 9(3): 436-449.
[7]	Zhenzhou CHENG,Changyuan QIN,Fengqiu WANG,Hao HE,Keisuke GODA. Progress on mid-IR graphene photonics and biochemical applications[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2016, 9(2): 259-269.
[8]	Taotao DING,Yu TIAN,Jiangnan DAI,Changqing CHEN. Building one-dimensional Bi₂S₃ nanorods as enhanced photoresponding materials for photodetectors[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2015, 8(3): 282-288.
[9]	Changping CHEN, Xiangliang JIN, Lizhen TANG, Hongjiao YANG, Jun LUO. Simulation analysis of combined UV/blue photodetector in CMOS process by technology computer-aided design[J]. Front Optoelec, 2014, 7(1): 69-73.
[10]	Mohammad KARIMI, Kambiz ABEDI, Mahdi ZAVVARI. InAs/GaAs far infrared quantum ring inter-subband photodetector[J]. Front Optoelec, 2014, 7(1): 84-90.
[11]	Saeed OLYAEE, Mohammad SOROOSH, Mahdieh IZADPANAH. Transfer matrix modeling of avalanche photodiode[J]. Front Optoelec, 2012, 5(3): 317-321.
[12]	Cao MIAO, Hai LU, Dunjun CHEN, Rong ZHANG, Youdou ZHENG. InGaN/GaN multi-quantum-well-based light-emitting and photodetective dual-functional devices[J]. Front Optoelec Chin, 2009, 2(4): 442-445.
[13]	Xianjie LI, Yingbin LIU, Zhen FENG, Fan GUO, Yonglin ZHAO, Run ZHAO, Rui ZHOU, Chen LOU, Shizu ZHANG. AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane array based on MOCVD technology[J]. Front Optoelec Chin, 2008, 1(3-4): 313-317.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed