Facile synthesis of perfect ZnSn(OH)6 octahedral microcrystallines with controlled size and high sensing performance towards ethanol
Shaoming SHU, Chao WANG, Shantang LIU()
School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor &Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
Uniform and monodisperse ZnSn(OH)6 perfect octahedrons have been synthesized by a facile coprecipitation reaction process. The particle size of the as-prepared ZnSn(OH)6 octahedral structure can be readily controlled by adjusting the reaction temperature (T), the side length of ZnSn(OH)6 octahedrons tailored from 3 µm (40°C) to 4 µm (60°C) and 5 µm (80°C). The ethanol sensing properties of the ZnSn(OH)6 octahedrons were carefully investigated. The gas sensing experimental data show that the sensor based on ZnSn(OH)6 (40°C) show good selectivity, fast response/recovery time and the highest response (Ra/Rg = 23.8) to 200 ppm ethanol at relatively low optimum operating temperature (200°C) among sensors based on ZnSn(OH)6 (60°C) and ZnSn(OH)6 (80°C), which might result from different specific surface areas. The study demonstrated that perfect octahedral ZnSn(OH)6 with controlled crystalline size and desirable sensing performance can be synthesized with a simple fabrication procedure, and the octahedral ZnSn(OH)6 could be a highly promising material for high-performance sensors.
Yin J, Gao F, Wei C, et al.. Controlled growth and applications of complex metal oxide ZnSn(OH)6 polyhedra. Inorganic Chemistry, 2012, 51(20): 10990–10995 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic301496k
pmid: 23030801
2
Fu X, Wang J, Huang D, et al.. Trace amount of SnO2-decorated ZnSn(OH)6 as highly efficient photocatalyst for decomposition of gaseous benzene: synthesis, photocatalytic activity, and the unrevealed synergistic effect between ZnSn(OH)6 and SnO2. ACS Catalysis, 2016, 6(2): 957–968 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b02593
3
Fu X, Huang D, Qin Y, et al.. Effects of preparation method on the microstructure and photocatalytic performance of ZnSn(OH)6. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2014, 148–149: 532–542 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.11.039
4
Yang L, Hu Y, You F, et al.. A novel method to prepare zinc hydroxystannate-coated inorganic fillers and its effect on the fire properties of PVC cable materials. Polymer Engineering and Science, 2007, 47(7): 1163–1169 https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.20482
5
Zhang B, Jiao Y, Xu J Z. A study on the flame-retardance of poly(vinyl chloride) incorporated with metal hydroxystannates. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2009, 112(1): 82–88 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.29404
6
Cao Y, Jia D, Zhou J, et al.. Simple solid-state chemical synthesis of ZnSnO3 nanocubes and their application as gas sensors. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2009, (27): 4105–4109 https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200900146
7
Rong A, Gao X P, Li G R, et al.. Hydrothermal synthesis of Zn2SnO4 as anode materials for Li-ion battery. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2006, 110(30): 14754–14760 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp062875r
8
Shu S, Wang M, Yang W, et al.. Synthesis of surface layered hierarchical octahedral-like structured Zn2SnO4/SnO2 with excellent sensing properties toward HCHO. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2017, 243: 1171–1180 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.12.110
9
Yang Y, Ma H, Zhuang J, et al.. Morphology-controlled synthesis of hematite nanocrystals and their facet effects on gas-sensing properties. Inorganic Chemistry, 2011, 50(20): 10143–10151 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic201104w
pmid: 21923125
10
Liu R, Jiang Y, Gao F, et al.. Biopolymer-assisted construction and gas-sensing study of uniform solid and hollow ZnSn(OH)6 spheres. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2013, 178: 119–124 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.11.109
11
Wang H, Liu X, Xie J, et al.. Effect of humidity on the CO gas sensing of ZnSn(OH)6 film via quartz crystal microbalance technique. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016, 657: 691–696 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.10.149
12
Ma G, Zou R, Jiang L, et al.. Phase-controlled synthesis and gas-sensing properties of zinc stannate (ZnSnO3 and Zn2SnO4) faceted solid and hollow microcrystals. CrystEngComm, 2012, 14(6): 2172 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ce06272k
13
Zhang H, Song P, Han D, et al.. Controllable synthesis of novel ZnSn(OH)6 hollow polyhedral structures with superior ethanol gas-sensing performance. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2015, 209: 384–390 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.11.140
14
Fu X, Wang X, Ding Z, et al.. Hydroxide ZnSn(OH)6: A promising new photocatalyst for benzene degradation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 91(1–2): 67–72 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.05.007
15
Yu X, Lu H, Li Q, et al.. Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of micro/nanostructured ZnSn(OH)6/ZnO composite architectures. Crystal Research and Technology, 2011, 46(11): 1175–1180 https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.201100355
16
Qin Z, Huang Y, Wang Q, et al.. Controllable synthesis of well-dispersed and uniform-sized single crystalline zinc hydroxystannate nanocubes. CrystEngComm, 2010, 12(12): 4156 https://doi.org/10.1039/c0ce00152j
17
Kovacheva D, Petrov K. Preparation of crystalline ZnSnO3 from Li2SnO3 by low-temperature ion exchange. Solid State Ionics, 1998, 109(3–4): 327–332 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(97)00507-9
18
Yu H, Lai R, Zhuang H, et al.. Controllable synthesis of crystallographic facet-oriented polyhedral ZnSn(OH)6 microcrystals with assistance of a simple ion. CrystEngComm, 2012, 14(24): 8530 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ce25872b
19
Tang L, Zhao Z, Zhou Y, et al.. Series of ZnSn(OH)6 polyhedra: Enhanced CO2 dissociation activation and crystal facet-based homojunction boosting solar fuel synthesis. Inorganic Chemistry, 2017, 56(10): 5704–5709 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00219
pmid: 28437076
20
Madras G, Mccoy B J. Temperature effects on the transition from nucleation and growth to Ostwald ripening. Chemical Engineering Science, 2004, 59(13): 2753–2765 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.03.022
21
Chen Q, Ma S Y, Jiao H Y, et al.. Sodium alginate assisted hydrothermal method to prepare praseodymium and cerium co-doped ZnSn(OH)6 hollow microspheres and synergistically enhanced ethanol sensing performance. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2017, 252: 295–305 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.06.015
22
Zhang H, Song P, Han D, et al.. An inward etching route to synthesize ZnSn(OH)6 nanoboxes with enhanced ethanol sensing property. Materials Letters, 2014, 136: 153–156 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2014.08.049
23
Liu R, Jiang Y, Gao F, et al.. Biopolymer-assisted construction and gas-sensing study of uniform solid and hollow ZnSn(OH)6 spheres. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2013, 178: 119–124 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.11.109
24
Lou Z, Wang L, Fei T, et al.. Enhanced ethanol sensing properties of NiO-doped SnO2 polyhedra. New Journal of Chemistry, 2012, 36(4): 1003 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2nj21030d
25
Liu L, Shu S, Zhang G, et al.. Highly selective sensing of C2H6O, HCHO, and C3H6O gases by controlling SnO2 nanoparticle vacancies. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2018, 1: 31 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.7b00150
26
Wang L, Lou Z, Zhang R, et al.. Hybrid Co3O4/SnO2 core–shell nanospheres as real-time rapid-response sensors for ammonia gas. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2016, 8(10): 6539–6545 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b00305
pmid: 26943006
27
Xiao L, Shu S, Liu S. A facile synthesis of Pd-doped SnO2 hollow microcubes with enhanced sensing performance. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2015, 221: 120–126 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.06.099
28
Zhang H, Li Z, Liu L, et al.. Enhancement of hydrogen monitoring properties based on Pd–SnO2 composite nanofibers. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2010, 147(1): 111–115 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2010.01.056
29
Zeng W, Zhang H, Li Y, et al.. Hydrothermal synthesis of hierarchical flower-like SnO2 nanostructures with enhanced ethanol gas sensing properties. Materials Research Bulletin, 2014, 57: 91–96 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2014.05.019
