Fe3O4 nanoparticles encapsulated in graphitized and in-plane porous carbon nanocages derived from emulsified asphalt for a high-performance lithium-ion battery anode
1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China 2. Institute of Advanced Functional Materials, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China 3. Chongqing 2D Materials Institute, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 400044, China
In this work, C@Fe3O4 composites were prepared through a typical template method with emulsified asphalt as carbon source, ammonium ferric citrate as transition metal oxide precursor, and NaCl as template. As an anode for lithium-ion batteries, the optimized C@Fe3O4-1:2 composite exhibits an excellent reversible capacity of 856.6 mA·h·g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A·g−1 and a high capacity of 531.1 mA·h·g−1 after 300 cycles at 1 A·g−1, much better than those of bulk carbon/Fe3O4 prepared without NaCl. Such remarkable cycling performance mainly benefits from its well-designed structure: Fe3O4 nanoparticles generated from ammonium ferric citrate during pyrolysis are homogenously encapsulated in graphitized and in-plane porous carbon nanocages derived from petroleum asphalt. The carbon nanocages not only improve the conductivity of Fe3O4, but also suppress the volume expansion of Fe3O4 effectively during the charge‒discharge cycle, thus delivering a robust electrochemical stability. This work realizes the high value-added utilization of low-cost petroleum asphalt, and can be extended to application of other transition-metal oxides-based anodes.
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