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Frontiers of Materials Science

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ISSN 2095-0268(Online)

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Front Mater Sci    2012, Vol. 6 Issue (2) : 128-141    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-012-0167-3
REVIEW ARTICLE
Sol–gel auto-combustion synthesis of spinel-type ferrite nanomaterials
Andris SUTKA, Gundars MEZINSKIS()
Department of Silicate, High Temperature and Inorganic Nanomaterials Technology, Institute of Silicate Materials, Riga Technical University, 14/24 Azenes Str., Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
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Abstract

Recent developments and trends of sol–gel auto-combustion method for spinel ferrite nanomaterial synthesis are briefly discussed and critically analyzed. The analysis of various parameters of reaction which could be used for better understanding of synthesis process and control of microstructure and property of spinel ferrite nanopowder products was the main objective of this review article. Special attention was paid to variety of particle size and phase purity. For these purposes the correlation between complexant, oxygen balance and combustion process chemical additives, as well as heating mechanism and atmosphere, was established. These results are relevant from standpoints of both application and processing of ferrites.
Keywords ferrite      synthesis      sol–gel      auto-combustion      nanomaterial     
Corresponding Author(s): MEZINSKIS Gundars,Email:gundarsm@ktf.rtu.lv   
Issue Date: 05 June 2012
 Cite this article:   
Andris SUTKA,Gundars MEZINSKIS. Sol–gel auto-combustion synthesis of spinel-type ferrite nanomaterials[J]. Front Mater Sci, 2012, 6(2): 128-141.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-012-0167-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2012/V6/I2/128
Fig.1  Schematic representation of spinel structure.
Fig.2  Number of papers on sol–gel auto-combustion method to synthesize nanosized ferrite powders published per year (data summarized from database).
Fig.3  Combustion reaction of reactant mixture. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [], Copyright 2005 Elsevier)
Fig.4  SEM images of the sample powders after auto-combustion amplified 500, 5000, 8000, and 10,000, respectively. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [], Copyright 2006 Elsevier)
Fig.5  Flow chart of processing steps.
Fig.6  Schematic diagram of the combustion synthesis device: reactant mixture (A); porcelain crucible (B); thermocouple (C); hot-plate (D). (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [], Copyright 2005 Elsevier)
Complexant transferred phenomenaInfluence on obtainable products
Complexation abilityStoichiometry of spinel ferrite compounds
Combustion flame temperatureParticle size, crystallinity and phase purity
Amount of gases generatedParticle growth, agglomeration and segregation
Tab.1  Complexant influence on obtainable spinel ferrite products
ComplexantStructural formulaMolecular weightTotal valenceDecomposition temperature
Citric acid192.12+18175°C
Urea60.06+6135°C
Glycine75.07+9262°C
Hydrazine32.05+4250°C
Ethylene glycol62.07+10163°C
Carbohydrazide90.08+8153°C
Alanine89.09+15314°C
Acetic acid60.05+8400°C
Acrylic acid72.06+12440°C
Tab.2  List of fuels used for spinel ferrite synthesis by sol–gel auto-combustion
Fig.16  SEM images showing the morphology of the powder of urea and glycine. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [], Copyright 2010 Elsevier)
Fig.17  SEM images of dried gels prepared from solutions with pH values of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [], Copyright 2004 Elsevier)
Fig.18  Transmission electron microscopy images of the powders synthesized by combustion reaction with two different heating conditions: in muffle; on plate. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [], Copyright 2002 Springer Netherlands)
Fig.19  Schematic diagrams showing the gas sensor sample based on 1D structures and nanoparticles. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [], Copyright 2007 Elsevier)
Fig.20  SEM images of a NiFeO fine fibre and the surface morphology of the NiFeO fibre. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [], Copyright 2007 Springer Netherlands)
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