The effect of calcination temperature on the capacitive properties of WO<sub>3</sub>-based electrochemical capacitors synthesized via a sol--gel method

doi:10.1007/s11706-013-0220-x

Front Mater Sci

2013, Vol. 7

Issue (4) : 370-378 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-013-0220-x

RESEARCH ARTICLE

The effect of calcination temperature on the capacitive properties of WO₃-based electrochemical capacitors synthesized via a sol--gel method

Diah SUSANTI¹(

), Rizky Narendra Dwi WIBAWA¹, Lucky TANANTA¹, Hariyati PURWANINGSIH¹, Rindang FAJARIN¹, George Endri KUSUMA²

1. Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS, Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; 2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Surabaya State Shipbuilding Polytechnic, Kampus PPNS, Jalan Teknik Kimia, ITS, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia

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Abstract

Electrochemical capacitor (EC) is a promising energy storage device which can be hybridized with other energy conversion or energy storage devices. One type of ECs is pseudocapacitor made of metal oxides. WO₃ is an inexpensive semiconductor metal oxide which has many applications. However the application of WO₃ as an EC material was rarely reported. Therefore in this research EC was prepared from WO₃ nanomaterial synthesized by a sol--gel process. The WO₃ gel was spin-coated on graphite substrates and calcined at various temperatures of 300°C, 400°C, 500°C and 600°C for 1 h. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were used to observe the capacitive property of the WO₃ samples. SEM, XRD, FTIR and Brunauer--Emmett--Teller (BET) analyses were used to characterize the material structures. WO₃ calcined at 400°C was proved to have the highest capacitance of 233.63 F●?g^--1 (1869 mF●?cm^--2) at a scan rate of 2 mV●?s^--¹ in 1 mol/L H₂SO₄ between potentials--0.4 and 0.4 V vs. SCE. Moreover it also showed the most symmetric CV curves as the indication of a good EC. Hence WO₃ calcined at 400°C is a potential candidate for EC material of pseudocapacitor type.

Keywords electrochemical capacitor (EC) WO₃ nanomaterial sol--gel process calcination

Corresponding Author(s): SUSANTI Diah,Email:santiche@mat-eng.its.ac.id

Issue Date: 05 December 2013

Cite this article:

Diah SUSANTI,Rizky Narendra Dwi WIBAWA,Lucky TANANTA, et al. The effect of calcination temperature on the capacitive properties of WO₃-based electrochemical capacitors synthesized via a sol--gel method[J]. Front Mater Sci, 2013, 7(4): 370-378.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-013-0220-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2013/V7/I4/370

Fig.1 Secondary electron SEM images of WO nanomaterial coated on top of graphite substrate after calcination process at various temperatures: (a) 300°C; (b) 400°C; (c) 500°C; (d) 600°C.

Fig.2 XRD patterns of WO samples calcined at 300°C (a), 400°C (b), 500°C (c) and 600°C (d).

Fig.3 FTIR patterns of WO samples calcined at 300°C (a), 400°C (b), 500°C (c) and 600°C (d).

Tab.1 Active surface area of WO powder and electrical resistance of WO-based electrodes

Fig.4 CV diagrams of WO samples calcined at 300°C, 400°C, 500°C and 600°C.

Tab.2 Sample masses and surface areas of ECs calcined at different temperatures

Tab.3 Specific capacitances of WO-based ECs calcined at different temperatures ()

Tab.4 Specific capacitances of WO-based ECs calcined at different temperatures ()

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