Effect of Sn precursor on the synthesis of SnO<sub>2</sub> and Sb-doped SnO<sub>2</sub> particles via polymeric precursor method

doi:10.1007/s11706-013-0227-3

Front Mater Sci

2013, Vol. 7

Issue (4) : 387-395 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-013-0227-3

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Effect of Sn precursor on the synthesis of SnO₂ and Sb-doped SnO₂ particles via polymeric precursor method

Francisco LóPEZ MORALES¹, Teresa ZAYAS², Oscar E. CONTRERAS³, Leonardo SALGADO¹(

)

1. Department of Chemistry, Metropolitan Autonomous University- Iztapalapa, P.O. Box 55-534, C.P. 09340 México D.F., México; 2. Postgraduate in Environmental Sciences and Center of Chemistry of the Science Institute, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, P.O. Box 1613, C.P. 72000 Puebla, México; 3. Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Nanostructures, P.O. Box 14, C.P. 22800 Ensenada, B.C., México

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Abstract

SnO₂ and Sb-doped SnO₂ particles were synthesized using the polymeric precursor method with different Sn salt precursors: SnCl₂·2H₂O, SnCl₄·5H₂O, or Sn citrate. Sb₂O₃ was used as the precursor of Sb, and the molar ratio of n_Sn:n_Sb was held constant. FTIR and TGA/DTA were used to examine the influence of the Sn precursor on the formation and thermal decomposition of the Sn and Sn–Sb complexes. The calcination products obtained from heating the Sn and Sn--Sb complexes at 500°C in air were analyzed using XRD and TEM analysis. The results revealed that the SnO₂ and Sb-doped SnO₂ formation temperatures depended on the nature of the Sn precursor. The calcination products were found to be SnO₂ and Sb-doped SnO₂ particles, which crystallized in a tetragonal cassiterite structure with a highly preferred (110) planar orientation. The Sn precursor and the presence of Sb in the SnO₂ matrix strongly influenced the crystallinity and lattice parameters.

Keywords SnO₂ and Sb-doped SnO₂ Sn precursor Pechini method thermal decomposition nanoparticle

Corresponding Author(s): SALGADO Leonardo,Email:lsj@xanum.uam.mx

Issue Date: 05 December 2013

Cite this article:

Francisco LóPEZ MORALES,Teresa ZAYAS,Oscar E. CONTRERAS, et al. Effect of Sn precursor on the synthesis of SnO₂ and Sb-doped SnO₂ particles via polymeric precursor method[J]. Front Mater Sci, 2013, 7(4): 387-395.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-013-0227-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2013/V7/I4/387

Fig.1 FTIR spectra of the Sn and Sn–Sb precursor solutions prepared from different tin salts: SnCl·2HO (a); SnCl·5HO (b); tin citrate (c). Antimony precursor: SbO. The molar ratio of citric acid/ethylene glycol/metal (CA/EG/Sn) was 3/14/1, and the molar ratio of Sn/Sb was 0.95/0.05.

Fig.2 TGA and DTA curves of the Sn precursor solutions prepared from different salts: SnCl·2HO, SnCl·5HO, or tin citrate. Heating rate: 2°C/min under an air atmosphere.

Tab.1 Weight loss at various steps, measured from the thermal analysis of the various precursor solutions

Fig.3 TGA and DTA curves of the Sn–Sb precursor solutions prepared from different salts of Sn: SnCl·2HO, SnCl·5HO, or tin citrate. Antimony precursor: SbO. Heating rate: 2°C/min under an air atmosphere. The molar ratio of Sn/Sb was 0.95/0.05.

Fig.4 XRD patterns of the calcination products of Sn (a–c) and Sn–Sb (a′–c′) precursor solutions. With heating at 500°C for 60 min in air. Tin precursors: SnCl·2HO (a), SnCl·5HO (b), and tin citrate (c). Antimony precursor: SbO. The molar ratio of Sn/Sb was 0.95/0.05.

Tab.2 Lattice parameters (, and ) and unit cell volume () of Sb-doped SnO particles obtained from various tin precursors (Antimony precursor: SbO; Calcination conditions: 500°C for 1 h under an air atmosphere)

Fig.5 TEM images of SnO and Sb-doped SnO particles prepared from different precursors of Sn: SnCl·2HO, SnCl·5HO, and tin citrate. Antimony precursor: SbO. Samples were synthesized through the thermal decomposition of polymeric precursors over 60 min at 500°C under an air atmosphere.

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