<i>In vitro</i> corrosion of Mg--6Zn--1Mn--4Sn--1.5Nd/0.5Y alloys

doi:10.1007/s11706-014-0256-6

Front. Mater. Sci.

2014, Vol. 8

Issue (3) : 230-243 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-014-0256-6

RESEARCH ARTICLE

In vitro corrosion of Mg--6Zn--1Mn--4Sn--1.5Nd/0.5Y alloys

Rong-Chang ZENG^1,^*(

),Lei WANG¹,Ding-Fei ZHANG^2,^*(

),Hong-Zhi CUI¹,En-Hou HAN³

1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
3. National Engineering Center for Corrosion Control, Institute of Metals Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

Download: PDF(3607 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

The microstructure evaluation, surface morphology, chemical compositions and phase analysis of the biomedical Mg--6Zn--1Mn--4Sn--1.5Nd/0.5Y (ZMT614--1.5Nd/0.5Y) alloys were investigated by means of optical microscopy, EPMA, X-ray EDS, XRD and FTIR. The corrosion behavior was evaluated using weight-loss measurement, hydrogen evolution, electrochemical and pH measurements. The results demonstrate that the microstructure for both ZMT614--1.5Nd alloy and ZMT614--0.5Y alloy is characterized by α-Mg and intermetallic compounds, most of which are distributed along the grain boundaries. These second phases contain Mg₂Zn, Mg₂Zn₁₁, Mg₂Sn and single metal Mn, together with Mg₁₂Nd phase for the ZMT614--1.5Nd alloy, and with Mg₂₄Y₅ phase for the ZMT614--0.5Y alloy. Honeycomb-like corrosion product layers form. The corrosion resistance of the ZMT614--0.5Y alloy is higher than that of the ZMT614--1.5Nd alloy, which is ascribed to the addition of the element Y into the alloy delaying the corrosion initiation in comparison to that of Nd element in the alloy.

Keywords magnesium alloy yttrium neodymium corrosion biomaterial

Corresponding Author(s): Rong-Chang ZENG

Online First Date: 27 August 2014 Issue Date: 12 September 2014

Cite this article:

Rong-Chang ZENG,Lei WANG,Ding-Fei ZHANG, et al. In vitro corrosion of Mg--6Zn--1Mn--4Sn--1.5Nd/0.5Y alloys[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2014, 8(3): 230-243.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-014-0256-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2014/V8/I3/230

Tab.1 Chemical compositions of the two alloys

Tab.2 Chemical compositions of HBSS

Fig.1 XRD results for ZMT614–1.5Nd/0.5Y alloys and pure Mg alloy.

Fig.2 Optical micrographs of (a) ZMT614–1.5Nd alloy and (b) ZMT614–0.5Y alloy.

Fig.3 EPMA images and EDS results of (a) ZMT614–1.5Nd alloy and (b) ZMT614–0.5Y alloy.

Tab.3 Chemical compositions of the intermetallic compounds in ZMT614–1.5Nd alloy and ZMT614–0.5Y alloy, probed by EDS

Fig.4 Surface elemental scanning of (a) the ZMT614–1.5Nd alloy: (b) O, (c) Mg, (d) Zn, (e) Sn, (f) Mn; and (g) the ZMT614–0.5Y alloy: (h) O, (i) Mg, (j) Zn, (k) Sn, (l) Mn.

Fig.5 Electrochemical measurements for three samples: (a) open circuit potential curves; (b) Tafel curves; (c) Nyquist plots; (d) Bode figure.

Tab.4 Electrochemical corrosion data for the samples

Fig.6 (a) Change in solution pH over immersion time. (b) HERs of ZMT614–1.5Nd/0.5Y alloys and the pure Mg sample in HBSS.

Fig.7 Corrosion morphology: (a) pure Mg immersed in HBSS for 125 h; (b) enlarged image of the selected area in (a) and EDS result of Point A.

Fig.8 EPMA images and EDS results of ZMT614–1.5Nd alloy after immersion in HBSS for (a) 15 min, (b) 30 min, (c) 1 h, (d) 2 h, (e) 5 h, (f) 10 h, and (g) 125 h. (h) Enlarged results of the selected area in (g).

Tab.5 Compositions of the intermetallic compounds in ZMT614–1.5Nd alloy obtained by EDS

Fig.9 EPMA images and EDS results of ZMT614–0.5Y alloy after immersion in HBSS for (a) 15 min, (b) 30 min, (c) 1 h, (d) 2 h, (e) 5 h, (f) 10 h, and (g) 125 h. (h) Enlarged results of the selected area in (g).

Tab.6 Intermetallic compounds in ZMT614–0.5Y alloy based on the atomic ratio obtained by EDS

Fig.10 XRD patterns of ZMT614–1.5Nd/0.5Y alloys and pure Mg immersed in HBSS after 125 h.

Fig.11 FTIR spectra of ZMT614–1.5Nd/0.5Y alloys and pure Mg.

Fig.12 Schematic illustration of the corrosion mechanism of ZMT614–1.5Nd/0.5Y alloys: (a) In the initial stage of corrosion, ions in solution attacked the matrix with the formation of corrosion products and producing a large amount of hydrogen gas, so that honeycomb structure has basically formed; (b) Corrosion pits continued to deepen, and were filled with corrosion products such as Mg(OH)₂, MgCO₃, HA, MCPM and CaZn₂(PO₄)₂ due to the presence of the second phase, a honeycomb structure of layers was formed perfectly.

1	Zeng R C, Kainer K U, Blawert C, . Corrosion of an extruded magnesium alloy ZK60 component - The role of microstructural features. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2011, 509(13): 4462-4469
2	Zeng R C, Chen J, Kuang J, . Influence of silane on corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy AZ31 with thermally sprayed aluminum coatings. Rare Metals, 2010, 29(2): 193-197
3	Zeng R C, Ke W, Xu Y B, . Recent development and application of magnesium alloys. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2001, 37(7): 673-685
4	Witte F, Kaese V, Haferkamp H, . In vivo corrosion of four magnesium alloys and the associated bone response. Biomaterials, 2005, 26(17): 3557-3563
5	Chen J, Zeng R C, Huang W J, . Characterization and wear resistance of macro-arc oxidation coating on magnesium alloy AZ91 in simulated body fluids. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2008, 18: 361-364
6	Zeng R C, Dietzel W, Witte F, . Progress and challenge for magnesium alloys as biomaterials. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2008, 10(8): B3-B14
7	Zeng R C, Sun L, Zheng Y F, . Corrosion and characterization of dual phase Mg–Li–Ca alloy in Hank’s solution: The influence of microstructural features. Corrosion Science, 2014, 79: 69-82
8	Zeng R C, Zhang J, Huang W J, . Review of studies on corrosion of magnesium alloys. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2006, 16: 763-771
9	Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhao C, . Research on an Mg–Zn alloy as a degradable biomaterial. Acta Biomaterialia, 2010, 6(2): 626-640
10	He W, Zhang E, Yang K. Effect of Y on the bio-corrosion behavior of extruded Mg–Zn–Mn alloy in Hank’s solution. Materials Science and Engineering C, 2010, 30(1): 167-174
11	Zhang E, Yang L. Microstructure, mechanical properties and bio-corrosion properties of Mg–Zn–Mn–Ca alloy for biomedical application. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2008, 497(1-2): 111-118
12	Tapiero H, Tew K D. Trace elements in human physiology and pathology: zinc and metallothioneins. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 2003, 57(9): 399-411
13	Chen J, Chen Z, Yan H, . Effects of Sn addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Zn–Al alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2008, 461(1-2): 209-215
14	Clark J. Transmission electron microscopy study of age hardening in a Mg–5 wt.% Zn alloy. Acta Metallurgica, 1965, 13(12): 1281-1289
15	Maeng D, Kim T, Lee J, . Microstructure and strength of rapidly solidified and extruded Mg–Zn alloys. Scripta Materialia, 2000, 43(5): 385-389
16	Chun J, Byrne J. Precipitate strengthening mechanisms in magnesium zinc alloy single crystals. Journal of Materials Science, 1969, 4(10): 861-872
17	Zhang D F, Shi G L, Zhao X B, . Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg–x%Zn–1%Mn (x = 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) wrought magnesium alloys. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2011, 21(1): 15-25
18	Zhang H J, Zhang D F, Ma C H, . Improving mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg–6Zn–Mn magnesium alloy by rapid solidification. Materials Letters, 2013, 92: 45-48
19	Qi F, Zhang D, Zhang X, . Effect of Sn addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Zn–1Mn (wt.%) alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2014, 585: 656-666
20	Zhang E, Yin D, Xu L, . Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties and biocompatibility of Mg–Zn–Mn alloys for biomedical application. Materials Science and Engineering C, 2009, 29(3): 987-993
21	Zhang D F, Xu X X, Qi F G, . Effects of Sn on microstructure and mechanical properties of ZM61 alloy. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2013, 42(5): 931-936
22	Hu G S, Zhang D F, Guo F, . Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Zn–Mn–Sn–Nd wrought alloys. Journal of Rare Earths, 2014, 32(1): 52-56
23	Nakatsugawa I, Takayasu H, Araki K, . Electrochemical corrosion studies of thixomolded AZ91D alloy in sodium chloride solution. Materials Science Forum, 2003, 419-422: 845-850
24	Zeng R C, Chen J, Dietzel W, . Electrochemical behavior of magnesium alloys in simulated body fluids. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2007, 17(1): 166-170
25	Zhang X, Zhang S.Biocompatibility of magnesium–zinc alloy in biodegradable orthopedic implants. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2011, 28(3): 343-348
26	Li Z, Song G-L, Song S. Effect of bicarbonate on biodegradation behaviour of pure magnesium in a simulated body fluid. Electrochimica Acta, 2014, 115: 56-65
27	Zhao M C, Schmutz P, Brunner S, . An exploratory study of the corrosion of Mg alloys during interrupted salt spray testing. Corrosion Science, 2009, 51(6): 1277-1292
28	Song G L, Atrens A. Understanding magnesium corrosion - a framework for improved alloy performance. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2003, 5(12): 837-858
29	Song Y, Shan D, Chen R, . Investigation of surface oxide film on magnesium lithium alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2009, 484(1-2): 585-590
30	Kuwahara H, AlAbdullat Y, Mazaki N, . Precipitation of magnesium apatite on pure magnesium surface during immersing in Hank’s solution. Materials Transactions, 2001, 42(7): 1317-1321
31	Li Z, Gu X, Lou S, . The development of binary Mg–Ca alloys for use as biodegradable materials within bone. Biomaterials, 2008, 29(10): 1329-1344
32	Jonasova L, Müller F A, Helebrant A, . Biomimetic apatite formation on chemically treated titanium. Biomaterials, 2004, 25(7-8): 1187-1194
33	Liu M, Schmutz P, Uggowitzer P J, . The influence of yttrium (Y) on the corrosion of Mg–Y binary alloys. Corrosion Science, 2010, 52(11): 3687-3701
34	Kouisni L, Azzi M, Zertoubi M, . Phosphate coatings on magnesium alloy AM60 part 1: study of the formation and the growth of zinc phosphate films. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2004, 185(1): 58-67
35	Li G, Lian J, Niu L, . Growth of zinc phosphate coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2006, 201(3-4): 1814-1820
36	Yu K. Study on the microstructure, properties and deformation techniques of rare earth wrought magnesium alloys. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Changsha: Central South University, 2002

[1]	Xiang SUN, Qing-Song YAO, Yu-Chao LI, Fen ZHANG, Rong-Chang ZENG, Yu-Hong ZOU, Shuo-Qi LI. Biocorrosion resistance and biocompatibility of Mg--Al layered double hydroxide/poly(L-lactic acid) hybrid coating on magnesium alloy AZ31[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2020, 14(4): 426-441.
[2]	Lei CHANG, Xiangrui LI, Xuhui TANG, He ZHANG, Ding HE, Yujun WANG, Jiayin ZHAO, Jingan LI, Jun WANG, Shijie ZHU, Liguo WANG, Shaokang GUAN. Micro-patterned hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin coatings on Mg--Zn--Y--Nd--Zr alloys for better corrosion resistance and cell behavior guidance[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2020, 14(4): 413-425.
[3]	Zheng-Zheng YIN, Wei HUANG, Xiang SONG, Qiang ZHANG, Rong-Chang ZENG. Self-catalytic degradation of iron-bearing chemical conversion coating on magnesium alloys ---- Influence of Fe content[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2020, 14(3): 296-313.
[4]	Huan-Yan XU, Dan LU, Xu HAN. Graphene-induced enhanced anticorrosion performance of waterborne epoxy resin coating[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2020, 14(2): 211-220.
[5]	Zai-Meng QIU, Fen ZHANG, Jun-Tong CHU, Yu-Chao LI, Liang SONG. Corrosion resistance and hydrophobicity of myristic acid modified Mg--Al LDH/Mg(OH)₂ steam coating on magnesium alloy AZ31[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2020, 14(1): 96-107.
[6]	Mengke PENG, Fenyan HU, Minting DU, Bingjie MAI, Shurong ZHENG, Peng LIU, Changhao WANG, Yashao CHEN. Hydrothermal growth of hydroxyapatite and ZnO bilayered nanoarrays on magnesium alloy surface with antibacterial activities[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2020, 14(1): 14-23.
[7]	Wei WU, Fen ZHANG, Yu-Chao LI, Yong-Feng ZHOU, Qing-Song YAO, Liang SONG, Rong-Chang ZENG, Sie Chin TJONG, Dong-Chu CHEN. Corrosion resistance of a silane/ceria modified Mg--Al-layered double hydroxide on AA5005 aluminum alloy[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2019, 13(4): 420-430.
[8]	Xiao-Jing JI, Qiang CHENG, Jing WANG, Yan-Bin ZHAO, Zhuang-Zhuang HAN, Fen ZHANG, Shuo-Qi LI, Rong-Chang ZENG, Zhen-Lin WANG. Corrosion resistance and antibacterial effects of hydroxyapatite coating induced by polyacrylic acid and gentamicin sulfate on magnesium alloy[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2019, 13(1): 87-98.
[9]	Lian GUO, Fen ZHANG, Jun-Cai LU, Rong-Chang ZENG, Shuo-Qi LI, Liang SONG, Jian-Min ZENG. A comparison of corrosion inhibition of magnesium aluminum and zinc aluminum vanadate intercalated layered double hydroxides on magnesium alloys[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2018, 12(2): 198-206.
[10]	Ling-Yu LI, Bin LIU, Rong-Chang ZENG, Shuo-Qi LI, Fen ZHANG, Yu-Hong ZOU, Hongwei (George) JIANG, Xiao-Bo CHEN, Shao-Kang GUAN, Qing-Yun LIU. In vitro corrosion of magnesium alloy AZ31 --- a synergetic influence of glucose and Tris[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2018, 12(2): 184-197.
[11]	Feng LI, Yang LIU, Xu-Bo LI. Dynamic recrystallization behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy processed by alternate forward extrusion[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2017, 11(3): 296-305.
[12]	Lan-Yue CUI, Xiao-Ting LI, Rong-Chang ZENG, Shuo-Qi LI, En-Hou HAN, Liang SONG. In vitro corrosion of Mg--Ca alloy --- The influence of glucose content[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2017, 11(3): 284-295.
[13]	Tao JIN,Fan-mei KONG,Rui-qin BAI,Ru-liang ZHANG. Anti-corrosion mechanism of epoxy-resin and different content Fe₂O₃ coatings on magnesium alloy[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2016, 10(4): 367-374.
[14]	Xuran GUO,Kaile ZHANG,Mohamed EL-AASSAR,Nanping WANG,Hany EL-HAMSHARY,Mohamed EL-NEWEHY,Qiang FU,Xiumei MO. The comparison of the Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor delivered electrospun nanoyarn fabricated with two methods for the application of urethroplasty[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2016, 10(4): 346-357.
[15]	Li-Da HOU,Zhen LI,Yu PAN,MuhammadIqbal SABIR,Yu-Feng ZHENG,Li LI. A review on biodegradable materials for cardiovascular stent application[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2016, 10(3): 238-259.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed