Improvement in electrochemical capacitance of activated carbon from scrap tires by nitric acid treatment

doi:10.1007/s11706-014-0271-7

Front. Mater. Sci.

2014, Vol. 8

Issue (4) : 391-398 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-014-0271-7

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Improvement in electrochemical capacitance of activated carbon from scrap tires by nitric acid treatment

Yan HAN^1,^2,³,Ping-Ping ZHAO^1,^2,³,Xiao-Ting DONG^1,^2,³,Cui ZHANG^1,^2,^3,^*(

),Shuang-Xi LIU^1,^2,^3,^*(

)

1. Institute of New Catalytic Materials Science, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
2. Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), Tianjin 300071, China
3. Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China

Download: PDF(1295 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

Activated carbon (AC) obtained from the industrial pyrolytic tire char is treated by concentrated nitric acid (AC-HNO₃) and then used as the electrode material for supercapacitors. Surface properties and electrochemical capacitances of AC and AC-HNO₃ are studied. It is found that the morphology and the porous texture for AC and AC-HNO₃ have little difference, while the oxygen content increases and functional groups change after the acid treatment. Electrochemical results demonstrate that the AC-HNO₃ electrode displays higher specific capacitance, better stability and cycling performance, and lower equivalent series resistance, indicating that AC obtained from the industrial pyrolytic tire char treated by concentrated nitric acid is applicable for supercapacitors.

Keywords pyrolytic tire char activated carbon (AC) nitric acid treatment electrochemical capacitance supercapacitor

Corresponding Author(s): Cui ZHANG

Issue Date: 04 December 2014

Cite this article:

Yan HAN,Ping-Ping ZHAO,Xiao-Ting DONG, et al. Improvement in electrochemical capacitance of activated carbon from scrap tires by nitric acid treatment[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2014, 8(4): 391-398.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-014-0271-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2014/V8/I4/391

Fig.1 TEM images of (a) AC and (b) AC-HNO₃; (c) XRD patterns of AC and AC-HNO₃.

Fig.2 (a) N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms; Pore size distributions of (b) micropores and (c) mesopores obtained by HK and BJH methods, respectively.

Tab.1 Pore texture properties of AC and AC-HNO₃

Fig.3 XPS results of AC in (a) C1s region and (b) O1s region; XPS results of AC-HNO₃ in (c) C1s region and (d) O1s region.

Tab.2 XPS data of AC and AC-HNO₃

Fig.4 CV curves of (a) AC and (b) AC-HNO₃ electrodes at different voltage sweep rates from 1 to 100 mV/s.

Fig.5 (a) Galvanostatic charge/discharge curves of AC and AC-HNO₃ electrodes at 1 A/g; (b) Variations of specific capacitance with cycle number at 1 A/g.

Fig.6 The Nyquist plots of AC and AC-HNO₃ electrodes. The inset shows the high-frequency region of impedance.

Fig.7 (a) Real and (b) imaginary part of capacitance changes versus frequency.

1	Qu D Y, Shi H. Studies of activated carbons used in double-layer capacitors. Journal of Power Sources, 1998, 74(1): 99–107
2	Frackowiak E, Béguin F. Carbon materials for the electrochemical storage of energy in capacitors. Carbon, 2001, 39(6): 937–950
3	Frackowiak E. Carbon materials for supercapacitor application. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2007, 9(15): 1774–1785
4	Xia K S, Gao Q M, Jiang J H, . Hierarchical porous carbons with controlled micropores and mesopores for supercapacitor electrode materials. Carbon, 2008, 46(13): 1718–1726
5	Xing W, Huang C C, Zhuo S P, . Hierarchical porous carbons with high performance for supercapacitor electrodes. Carbon, 2009, 47(7): 1715–1722
6	Rufford T E, Hulicova-Jurcakova D, Khosla K, . Microstructure and electrochemical double-layer capacitance of carbon electrodes prepared by zinc chloride activation of sugar cane bagasse. Journal of Power Sources, 2010, 195(3): 912–918
7	Momma T, Liu X J, Osaka T, . Electrochemical modification of active carbon fiber electrode and its application to double-layer capacitor. Journal of Power Sources, 1996, 60(2): 249–253
8	Ishikawa M, Sakamoto A, Morita M, . Effect of treatment of activated carbon fiber cloth electrodes with cold plasma upon performance of electric double-layer capacitors. Journal of Power Sources, 1996, 60(2): 233–238
9	Khomenko V, Raymundo-Piňero E, Béguin F. A new type of high energy asymmetric capacitor with nanoporous carbon electrodes in aqueous electrolyte. Journal of Power Sources, 2010, 195(13): 4234–4241
10	Hsieh C T, Teng H. Influence of oxygen treatment on electric double-layer capacitance of activated carbon fabrics. Carbon, 2002, 40(5): 667–674
11	Lufrano F, Staiti P. Influence of the surface–chemistry of modified mesoporous carbon on the electrochemical behavior of solid-state supercapacitors. Energy & Fuels, 2010, 24(6): 3313–3320
12	Ramesh P, Sampath S. Electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization of quinone functionalized exfoliated graphite. Analyst, 2001, 126(11): 1872–1877
13	Qu D Y. Studies of the activated carbons used in double-layer supercapacitors. Journal of Power Sources, 2002, 109(2): 403–411
14	Mui E L K, Ko D C K, McKay G. Production of active carbons from waste tyres – a review. Carbon, 2004, 42(14): 2789–2805
15	Zabaniotou A A, Stavropoulos G. Pyrolysis of used automobile tires and residual char utilization. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2003, 70(2): 711–722
16	Helleur R, Popovic N, Ikura M, . Characterization and potential applications of pyrolytic char from ablative pyrolysis of used tires. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2001, 58-59: 813–824
17	Mui E L K, Cheung W H, McKay G. Tyre char preparation from waste tyre rubber for dye removal from effluents. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 175(1-3): 151–158
18	Manchón-Vizuete E, Macías-García A, Nadal Gisbert A, . Adsorption of mercury by carbonaceous adsorbents prepared from rubber of tyre wastes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2005, 119(1-3): 231–238
19	Quek A, Balasubramanian R. Removal of copper by oxygenated pyrolytic tire char: kinetics and mechanistic insights. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2011, 356(1): 203–210
20	Chen W X, Zhang H, Huang Y Q, . A fish scale based hierarchical lamellar porous carbon material obtained using a natural template for high performance electrochemical capacitors. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2010, 20(23): 4773–4775
21	Fu R W, Yoshizawa N, Dresselhaus M S, . XPS study of copper-doped carbon aerogels. Langmuir, 2002, 18(26): 10100–10104
22	Wang Y, Shi Z H, Huang Y, . Supercapacitor devices based on graphene materials. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009, 113(30): 13103–13107
23	Taberna P L, Simon P, Fauvarque J F. Electrochemical characteristics and impedance spectroscopy studies of carbon–carbon supercapacitors. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2003, 150(3): A292–A300
24	Zhang H, Zhang W F, Cheng J, . Acetylene black agglomeration in activated carbon based electrochemical double layer capacitor electrodes. Solid State Ionics, 2008, 179(33-34): 1946–1950

[1]	Dandan HAN, Jinhe WEI, Shanshan WANG, Yifan PAN, Junli XUE, Yen WEI. Feather-like NiCo₂O₄ self-assemble from porous nanowires as binder-free electrodes for low charge transfer resistance[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2020, 14(4): 450-458.
[2]	Meenaketan SETHI, U. Sandhya SHENOY, Selvakumar MUTHU, D. Krishna BHAT. Facile solvothermal synthesis of NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles for high-performance supercapacitor applications[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2020, 14(2): 120-132.
[3]	Danhua ZHU, Qianjie ZHOU, Aiqin LIANG, Weiqiang ZHOU, Yanan CHANG, Danqin LI, Jing WU, Guo YE, Jingkun XU, Yong REN. Two-step preparation of carbon nanotubes/RuO₂/polyindole ternary nanocomposites and their application as high-performance supercapacitors[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2020, 14(2): 109-119.
[4]	Chengzhi LUO, Guanghui LIU, Min ZHANG. Electric-field-induced microstructure modulation of carbon nanotubes for high-performance supercapacitors[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2019, 13(3): 270-276.
[5]	Bin CAI, Changxiang SHAO, Liangti QU, Yuning MENG, Lin JIN. Preparation of sulfur-doped graphene fibers and their application in flexible fibriform micro-supercapacitors[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2019, 13(2): 145-155.
[6]	Meng LIU, Lei LIU, Yifeng YU, Haijun LV, Aibing CHEN, Senlin HOU. Synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon spheres using the modified Stöber method for supercapacitors[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2019, 13(2): 156-164.
[7]	Haiyan LI, Yucheng ZHAO, Chang-An WANG. MoS₂/CoS₂ composites composed of CoS₂ octahedrons and MoS₂ nano-flowers for supercapacitor electrode materials[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2018, 12(4): 354-360.
[8]	Wang YANG, Wu YANG, Lina KONG, Shuanlong DI, Xiujuan QIN. Nitrogen--oxygen co-doped corrugation-like porous carbon for high performance supercapacitor[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2018, 12(3): 283-291.
[9]	Ke ZHAN, Tong YIN, Yuan XUE, Yinwen TAN, Yihao ZHOU, Ya YAN, Bin ZHAO. A two-step approach to synthesis of Co(OH)₂/γ-NiOOH/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for high performance supercapacitors[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2018, 12(3): 273-282.
[10]	Jiangli XUE, Maosong MO, Zhuming LIU, Dapeng YE, Zhihua CHENG, Tong XU, Liangti QU. A general synthesis strategy for the multifunctional 3D polypyrrole foam of thin 2D nanosheets[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2018, 12(2): 105-117.
[11]	Jagpreet SINGH, Aditi RATHI, Mohit RAWAT, Manoj GUPTA. Graphene: from synthesis to engineering to biosensor applications[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2018, 12(1): 1-20.
[12]	Ramanathan SARASWATHY. Electrochemical capacitance of nanostructured ruthenium-doped tin oxide Sn_1--xRu_xO₂ by the microemulsion method[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2017, 11(4): 385-394.
[13]	Xiangcang REN,Chuanjin TIAN,Sa LI,Yucheng ZHAO,Chang-An WANG. Facile synthesis of tremella-like MnO₂ and its application as supercapacitor electrodes[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2015, 9(3): 234-240.
[14]	Jing SUN, Ling-Hao HE, Qiao-Ling ZHAO, Li-Fang CAI, Rui SONG, Yong-Mei HAO, Zhi MA, Wei HUANG. A simple and controllable nanostructure comprising non-conductive poly(vinylidene fluoride) and graphene nanosheets for supercapacitor[J]. Front Mater Sci, 2012, 6(2): 149-159.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed