Electrical properties and thermal sensitivity of Ti/Y modified CuO-based ceramic thermistors

doi:10.1007/s11706-016-0355-7

Front. Mater. Sci.

2016, Vol. 10

Issue (4) : 413-421 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-016-0355-7

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Electrical properties and thermal sensitivity of Ti/Y modified CuO-based ceramic thermistors

Bao YANG¹,Hong ZHANG^1,²,Jia GUO¹,Ya LIU¹,Zhicheng LI^1,²(

)

¹. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
². State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

Download: PDF(431 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

The Ti/Y modified CuO-based negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors, Cu_0.988−2yY_0.008Ti_yO (TYCO; y= 0.01, 0.015, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07), were synthesized through a wet-chemical method followed by a traditional ceramic sintering technology. The related phase component and electrical properties were investigated. XRD results show that the TYCO ceramics have a monoclinic structure as that of CuO crystal. The TYCO ceramics can be obtained at the sintering temperature 970°C–990°C, and display the typical NTC characteristic. The NTC thermal-sensitive constants of TYCO thermistors can be adjusted from 1112 to 3700 K by changing the amount of Ti in the TYCO ceramics. The analysis of complex impedance spectra revealed that both the bulk effect and grain boundary effect contribute to the electrical behavior and the NTC effect. Both the band conduction and electron-hopping models are proposed for the conduction mechanisms in the TYCO thermistors.

Keywords CuO TiO₂ substitution electrical property negative temperature coefficient conduction mechanism

Corresponding Author(s): Zhicheng LI

Online First Date: 20 September 2016 Issue Date: 24 November 2016

Cite this article:

Bao YANG,Hong ZHANG,Jia GUO, et al. Electrical properties and thermal sensitivity of Ti/Y modified CuO-based ceramic thermistors[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2016, 10(4): 413-421.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-016-0355-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2016/V10/I4/413

Fig.1 Phase and microstructure of the as-sintered TYCO ceramics: (a) XRD patterns of CuO, Cu_0.988Y_0.008O (CYO), Cu_0.988−2_yY_0.008Ti_yO for y = 0.03 (0.03Ti) and y = 0.07 (0.07Ti); (b) SEM image of the as-sintered Cu_0.988−2_yY_0.008Ti_yO (y = 0.05) ceramic.

Fig.2 Electrical properties of TYCO ceramics with various Ti contents: (a) resistivity?temperature plots comparing with the ones of pure CuO and YCO; (b) TiO₂-concentration dependence of ρ₂₅ and B_25/85.

Fig.3 Nyquist plots of Cu_0.988−2_yY_0.008Ti_yO (y = 0.07) ceramic recorded at various temperatures: (a) from 60°C to 110°C; (b) from 130°C to 200°C (the inset equivalent circuit used to fit the plots).

Tab.1 The values of resistance and capacitance fitted by an equivalent circuit for a TYCO ceramic (y = 0.07) at various temperatures

Fig.4 Variation of real part impedance (Z′) with frequency of Cu_0.988−2_yY_0.008Ti_yO (y = 0.07) ceramic at different temperatures: (a) from 60°C to 120°C; (b) from 130°C to 235°C.

Fig.5 Frequency dependence of imaginary part impedance (Z″) of Cu_0.988−2_yY_0.008Ti_yO (y = 0.07) ceramic at different temperatures: (a) from 60°C to 120°C; (b) from 130°C to 280°C.

Fig.6 Comparison of some physical properties of a Cu_0.988−2_yY_0.008Ti_yO (y = 0.07) ceramic at different temperatures: (a) relaxation time and resistivity; (b) resistances of grain effect and grain boundary effect.

Fig.7 Characteristic of electric modulus of a Cu_0.988−2_yY_0.008Ti_yO (y = 0.07) ceramic at different temperatures: (a) plots of real part modulus to imaginary one; (b) frequency dependence of real part modulus (M'), and the inset is frequency dependence of imaginary part modulus (M").

Fig.8 Double-logarithmic plots (lgσ′(ω) versus lgω) of a Cu_0.988−2_yY_0.008Ti_yO (y = 0.07) ceramic at various temperatures.

1	Feteira A. Negative temperature coefficient resistance (NTCR) ceramic thermistors: an industrial perspective. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2009, 92(5): 967–983 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.02990.x
2	Muralidharan M N, Rohini P R, Sunny E K, . Effect of Cu and Fe addition on electrical properties of Ni–Mn–Co–O NTC thermistor compositions. Ceramics International, 2012, 38(8): 6481–6486 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.05.025
3	Golestani-Fard F, Azimi S, Mackenzie K J D. Oxygen evolution during the formation and sintering of nickel–manganese oxide spinels for thermistor applications. Journal of Materials Science, 1987, 22(8): 2847–2851 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01086481
4	Feltz A, Pölzl W. Spinel forming ceramics of the system FexNiyMn3−x−yO4 for high temperature NTC thermistor applications. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2000, 20(14): 2353–2366 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2219(00)00140-0
5	Fang D L, Chen C S, Winnubst A J A. Preparation and electrical properties of FexCu0.10Ni0.66Mn2.24−xO4 (0≤x≤0.90) NTC ceramics. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2008, 454(1): 286–291 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.12.059
6	Park K, Han I H. Effect of Al2O3 addition on the microstructure and electrical properties of (Mn0.37Ni0.3Co0.33−xAlx)O4 (0≤x≤0.03) NTC thermistors. Materials Science and Engineering B, 2005, 119(1): 55–60 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2005.01.018
7	Elilarassi R, Chandrasekaran G. Structural, optical and electron paramagnetic resonance studies on Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using a novel auto-combustion method. Frontiers of Materials Science, 2013, 7(2): 196–201 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-013-0198-4
8	Macklen E D. Electrical conductivity and cation distribution in nickel manganite. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 1986, 47(11): 1073–1079 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(86)90074-0
9	Jung J, Töpfer J, Mürbe J, . Microstructure and phase development in NiMn2O4 spinel ceramics during isothermal sintering. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 1990, 6(6): 351–359 https://doi.org/10.1016/0955-2219(90)90002-W
10	Fau P, Bonino J P, Demai J J, . Thin films of nickel manganese oxide for NTC thermistor applications. Applied Surface Science, 1993, 65: 319–324 https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-4332(93)90679-6
11	Basu A, Brinkman A W, Schmidt R. Effect of oxygen partial pressure on the NTCR characteristics of sputtered NixMn3−xO4+δ thin films. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2004, 24(6): 1247–1250 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2219(03)00380-7
12	Xue D, Zhang H, Li Y, . Electrical properties of hexagonal BaTi1−xFexO3−δ (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) ceramics with NTC effect. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2012, 23(7): 1306–1312 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-011-0589-1
13	Nobre M A L, Lanfredi S. Negative temperature coefficient thermistor based on Bi3Zn2Sb3O14 ceramic: an oxide semiconductor at high temperature. Applied Physics Letters, 2003, 82(14): 2284–2286 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1566458
14	Wang J, Zhang H, Xue D, . Electrical properties of hexagonal BaTi0.8Co0.2O3−δ ceramic with NTC effect. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2009, 42(23): 235103–235109 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/42/23/235103
15	Ouyang P, Zhang H, Xue D, . NTC characteristic of SnSb0.05O2–BaTi0.8Fe0.2O3 composite materials. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2013, 24(10): 3932–3939 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-013-1342-8
16	Upadhyay S, Parkash O, Kumar D. Synthesis, structure and electrical behaviour of lanthanum-doped barium stannate. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2004, 37(10): 1483–1491 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/37/10/011
18	Zhang J, Zhang H, Yang B, . Temperature sensitivity of Fe-substituted SnO2-based ceramics as negative temperature coefficient thermistors. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2016, 27(5): 4935–4942 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-4378-8
19	Ouyang P, Zhang H, Zhang Y, . Zr-substituted SnO2-based NTC thermistors with wide application temperature range and high property stability. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2015, 26(8): 6163–6169 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-015-3197-7
20	Zhang Y, Wu Y, Zhang H, . Characterization of negative temperature coefficient of resistivity in (Sn1−xTix)0.95Sb0.05O2 (x≤0.1) ceramics. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2014, 25(12): 5552–5559 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-014-2343-y
21	Ghijsen J, Tjeng L H, van Elp J, . Electronic structure of Cu2O and CuO. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 1988, 38(16): 11322–11330 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.38.11322
22	Dubal D P, Gund G S, Holze R, . Mild chemical strategy to grow micro-roses and micro-woolen like arranged CuO nanosheets for high performance supercapacitors. Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 242: 687–698 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.05.013
23	Chen W, Zhang H, Ma Z, . High electrochemical performance and lithiation–delithiation phase evolution in CuO thin films for Li-ion storage. Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2015, 3(27): 14202–14209 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA02524A
24	Sumikura S, Mori S, Shimizu S, . Photoelectrochemical characteristics of cells with dyed and undyed nanoporous p-type semiconductor CuO electrodes. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2008, 194(2–3): 143–147 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.07.035
25	Anandan S, Wen X, Yang S. Room temperature growth of CuO nanorod arrays on copper and their application as a cathode in dye-sensitized solar cells. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2005, 93(1): 35–40 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.02.002
26	He H, Bourges P, Sidis Y, . Magnetic resonant mode in the single-layer high-temperature superconductor Tl2Ba2Cu6+δ. Science, 2002, 295(5557): 1045–1047 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1067877
27	Ramirez-Ortiz J, Ogura T, Medina-Valtierra J, . A catalytic application of Cu2O and CuO films deposited over fiberglass. Applied Surface Science, 2001, 174(3–4): 177–184
28	Patil S J, Patil A V, Dighavkar C G, . Semiconductor metal oxide compounds based gas sensors: A literature review. Frontiers of Materials Science, 2015, 9(1): 14–37 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-015-0279-7
29	Yang B, Zhang H, Zhang J, . Electrical properties and temperature sensitivity of B-substituted CuO-based ceramics for negative temperature coefficient thermistors. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2015, 26(12): 10151–10158 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-015-3701-0
30	Shannon R D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallographica Section A: Crystal Physics, 1976, 32(5): 751–767 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567739476001551
31	Prasad N V, Prasad G, Bhimasankaram T, . Synthesis and electrical properties of SmBi5Fe2Ti3O18. Modern Physics Letters B, 1998, 12(10): 371–381 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217984998000469
32	Martínez R, Kumar A, Palai R, . Impedance spectroscopy analysis of Ba0.7Sr03TiO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 heterostructure. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2011, 44(10): 105302–105310 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/44/10/105302
33	Azam A, Ahmed A S, Ansari M S, . Study of electrical properties of nickel doped SnO2 ceramic nanoparticles. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010, 506(1): 237–242 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.06.184
34	Behera B, Nayak P, Choudhary R N P. Structural and impedance properties of KBa2V5O15 ceramics. Materials Research Bulletin, 2008, 43(2): 401–410 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2007.02.042
35	Jonscher A K. The “universal” dielectric response. Nature, 1977, 267(5613): 673–679 https://doi.org/10.1038/267673a0

[1]	Fang LIU, Xiangping JIANG, Chao CHEN, Xin NIE, Xiaokun HUANG, Yunjing CHEN, Hao HU, Chunyang SU. Structural, electrical and photoluminescence properties of Er³⁺-doped SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅--Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ inter-growth ceramics[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2019, 13(1): 99-106.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed