1. School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China 2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China 3. State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China 4. Shenzhen Beihang Emerging Industry Technology Research Institute, University Park, No. 2 Yuexing Three Road, Shenzhen 518052, China 5. School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
Oxygen electrocatalysts are of great importance for the air electrode in zinc–air batteries (ZABs). Owing to large surface area, high electrical conductivity and ease of modification, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely studied as oxygen electrocatalysts for the rechargable ZABs. The elaborately modified 2D materials-based electrocatalysts, usually exhibit excellent performance toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which have attracted extensive interests of worldwide researchers. Given the rapid development of bifunctional electrocatalysts toward ORR and OER, the latest progress of non-noble electrocatalysts based on layered double hydroxides (LDHs), graphene, and MXenes are intensively reviewed. The discussion ranges from fundamental structure, synthesis, electrocatalytic performance of these catalysts, as well as their applications in the rechargeable ZABs. Finally, the challenges and outlook are provided for further advancing the commercialization of rechargeable ZABs.
Specific Capacity (mAh·g−1) @ Current density (mA·cm−2)
Cycle stability time (h) @ Current density (mA·cm−2)
Ref.
CoS2@MXene
−/270
0.87/0.8
−
1.46
29
−
−
[19]
SrTiO3/Ti3C2
−
−/0.78
0.648
1.44
122
789@5
−
[56]
Fe-Co/CNT@MXene-8
−/390
1.02/0.85
0.73
1.41
165
759@10
350@10
[57]
Nb2CO2/MXene
−/435
−/0.79
1.09
−
−
−
−
[65]
LDH/MQDs/NG
1.5/−
0.81/0.69
−
1.42
113.8
598@5
150@5
[66]
H2PO2−/FeNi-LDH-V2C
−/250
0.89/0.8
0.673
1.42
−
−
100@5
[67]
NiCoFeLDH/Mxene/NCNT
−/332
0.93/0.78
−
1.54
−
−
−
[68]
NiCo2O4/MXene
−/310
−/0.7
−
1.4
55.1
−
333@5
[69]
Co3O4/2D Ti3C2 MXene
1.53/−
−
−
−
−
−
−
[70]
TiO2C@CNx,950
1.50/
−/0.75
0.75
1.344
−
−
48@10
[71]
Tab.1
Fig.5
Fig.6
Fig.7
Materials
OER: Ej=10 (V vs. RHE)/ Overpotential (mV)
ORR: Eonset / E1/2 (V vs. RHE)
ΔE = Ej=10 – E1/2 (V)
Open-circuit voltage (V)
Peak power density (mW·cm−2)
Specific Capacity (mAh·g−1) @ Current Density (mA·cm−2)
Cycle stability time (h) @ Current density (mA·cm−2)
Ref.
Co9S8/Co–rGO
−/290
0.97/0.79
−
1.34
122
720.1@10
300@5
[89]
AT-Co/NDG
1.54/−
−/0.86
0.68
−
319.8
746.4@50
−
[90]
Trimodal NG/Ni
1.5/270
−/0.86
0.64
1.49
165
743@5
2500@2400@20
[76]
NiFe-Mi-C-Gr
1.535/−
−/0.854
0.681
1.487
111
809@10
102@10
[91]
FeNC/NG-3
−
/0.83
−
1.43
29.5
848.2@10
−
[92]
B-Zn-FeNG
1.54/310
1.03/0.89
0.65
−
229
752@5
80@10
[88]
Ru-RuO2@NPC
1.45/−
−/0.8
0.65
1.43
137
−
−
[24]
CoS/CoO@NGNs
1.61/
−/0.84
0.77
−
137.8
711.1@20
100@10
[93]
CoDNG900
1.614/
0.943/0.864
0.75
1.45
205
669@10
667@10
[94]
NSP-Gra
1.76
−
0.94
−
225
−
40@215@5
[95]
Fe-N-C/2rGO
1.56/
−/0.88
0.68
1.47
164
−
30@10
[96]
Co3O4−NiCo2O4 /N-RGO
1.62/390
−/0.79
0.83
1.49
97
−
180@290@10
[97]
FeCoNi-N-rGO
1.67/
−/0.836
0.834
1.43
152.5
766@5
200@5
[98]
CN@NC-2-800
1.66/400
−/0.83
0.83
1.52
172
806.9@10
300@10
[99]
Tab.2
Fig.8
Fig.9
Air catalyst
Electrolyte
Ej=10
E1/2
ΔE (Ej=10−E1/2)
Cycles or time (h) @ Current density (mA·cm−2)
Ref.
NiFe(1:2)P/Pi
KOH
−
−
0.62V
300 cycles@10
[123]
NiFe-LDH/FeSoy-CNSs-A
KOH
1.53V
0.91V
0.62V
300 cycles@5
[124]
nNiFe LDH/3D MPC
KOH
1.572V
0.862V
0.71V
100 cycles@10
[127]
Cu@Cu NWs@LDH
KOH
1.44V
0.719V
0.721V
240 h@10
[128]
CoNC@LDH
KOH
1.47V
0.84V
0.63V
3600 cycles@10
[129]
NiCo2O4@FeNi LDH/Ni
KOH
−
−
−
90 h@10
[130]
Tab.3
Fig.10
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