Generation and modulation of multiple 2D bulk photovoltaic effects in space-time reversal asymmetric 2H-FeCl2
Liang Liu1,2, Xiaolin Li1, Luping Du3, Xi Zhang1,4()
1. Institute of Nanosurface Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China 2. School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China 3. Nanophotonics Research Centre, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China 4. Research Center of Plasma Medical Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
The two-dimensional (2D) bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) is a cornerstone for future highly efficient 2D solar cells and optoelectronics. The ferromagnetic semiconductor 2H-FeCl2 is shown to realize a new type of BPVE in which spatial inversion (P), time reversal (T), and space−time reversal (PT) symmetries are broken (PT-broken). Using density functional theory and perturbation theory, we show that 2H-FeCl2 exhibits giant photocurrents, photo-spin-currents, and photo-orbital-currents under illumination by linearly polarized light. The injection-like and shift-like photocurrents coexist and propagate in different directions. The material also demonstrates substantial photoconductance, photo-spin-conductance, and photo-orbital-conductance, with magnitudes up to 4650 (nm·μA/V2), 4620 [nm·μA/V2/(2e)], and 6450 (nm·μA/V2/e), respectively. Furthermore, the injection-currents, shift-spin-currents, and shift-orbital-currents can be readily switched via rotating the magnetizations of 2H-FeCl2. These results demonstrate the superior performance and intriguing control of a new type of BPVE in 2H-FeCl2.
Linear light: shift + injectionCircular light: shift + injection
Monolayer 2H-FeCl2 (this work)
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