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Charging and self-discharging process of a quantum battery in composite environments
Kai Xu, Han-Jie Zhu, Hao Zhu, Guo-Feng Zhang, Wu-Ming Liu
Frontiers of Physics. 2023, 18 (3 ): 31301-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-022-1230-x
How to improve charging processes and suppress self-discharging processes has always been one of the key issues to achieve quantum batteries with high performance. Although a quantum battery is inevitably influenced by composite environments, this situation is still little understood, particularly regarding the influence of the memory effect of the composite environments and the coupling between composite environments. In this work, we investigate the effects of the composite environments, composed of two identical parts each containing a single cavity mode decaying to a reservoir, on the charging and self-discharging processes of a quantum battery. We show that increasing the two-mode coupling can effectively enhance the charging performance (i.e., the stored energy, the charging power, ergotropy) and restrain the self-discharging process (i.e., suppressing the process of dissipating the energy). However, different from the effect of two-mode coupling, we reveal that the memory effect of the reservoir in this composite environment is unfavorable to the charging process of the quantum battery, which is in sharp contrast to previous studies where the memory effect can significantly improve the charging performance of a quantum battery. Our results may benefit to the realization of quantum batteries with high performance under the actual complex environmental noise.
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Quantum dynamics studies on the non-adiabatic effects of H + LiD reaction
Yuwen Bai, Zijiang Yang, Bayaer Buren, Ye Mao, Maodu Chen
Frontiers of Physics. 2023, 18 (3 ): 31303-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-022-1239-1
After the Big Bang, chemical reactions of hydrogen with LiH and its isotopic variants played an important role in the late stage of recombination. Moreover, these reactions have attracted the attention of experts in the field of molecular dynamics because of its simple structure. Electronically non-adiabatic effects play a key role in many chemical reactions, while the related studies in LiH2 reactive system and its isotopic variants are not enough, so the microscopic mechanism of this system has not been fully explored. In this work, the microscopic mechanism of H + LiD reaction are performed by comparing both the adiabatic and non-adiabatic results to study the non-adiabatic effects. The reactivity of R1 (H + LiD → Li + HD) channel is inhibited, while that of R2 (H + LiD → D + LiH) channel is enhanced when the non-adiabatic couplings are considered. For R1 channel, a direct stripping process dominates this channel and the main reaction mechanism is not influenced by the non-adiabatic effects. For R2 channel, at relatively low collision energy, the dominance changes from a rebound process to the complex-forming mechanism when the non-adiabatic effects are considered, whereas the rebound collision approach still dominates the reaction at relatively high collision energy in both calculations. The presented results provide a basis for further detailed study on this importantly astrophysical reaction system.
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Criticality-based quantum metrology in the presence of decoherence
Wan-Ting He, Cong-Wei Lu, Yi-Xuan Yao, Hai-Yuan Zhu, Qing Ai
Frontiers of Physics. 2023, 18 (3 ): 31304-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-023-1278-2
Because quantum critical systems are very sensitive to the variation of parameters around the quantum phase transition (QPT), quantum criticality has been presented as an efficient resource for metrology. In this paper, we address the issue whether the divergent feature of the inverted variance is realizable in the presence of noise when approaching the QPT. Taking the quantum Rabi model (QRM) as an example, we obtain the analytical result for the inverted variance with single-photon relaxation. We show that the inverted variance may be convergent in time due to the noise. Since the precision of the metrology is very sensitive to the noise, as a remedy, we propose squeezing the initial state to improve the precision under decoherence. In addition, we also investigate the criticality-based metrology under the influence of the two-photon relaxation. Strikingly, although the maximum inverted variance still manifests a power-law dependence on the energy gap, the exponent is positive and depends on the dimensionless coupling strength. This observation implies that the criticality may not enhance but weaken the precision in the presence of two-photon relaxation, due to the non-linearity introduced by the two-photon relaxation.
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10-Hertz squeezed light source generation on the cesium D2 line using single photon modulation
Guan-Hua Zuo, Yu-Chi Zhang, Gang Li, Peng-Fei Zhang, Peng-Fei Yang, Yan-Qiang Guo, Shi-Yao Zhu, Tian-Cai Zhang
Frontiers of Physics. 2023, 18 (3 ): 32301-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-022-1246-2
Generation of squeezed light source is a promising technique to overcome the standard quantum limit in precision measurement. Here, we demonstrate an experimental generation of quadrature squeezing resonating on the cesium D2 line down to 10 Hz for the first time. The maximum squeezing in audio frequency band is 5.57 dB. Moreover, we have presented a single-photon modulation locking to control the squeezing angle, while effectively suppressing the influence of laser noise on low-frequency squeezing. The whole system operates steadily for hours. The generated low-frequency squeezed light source can be applied in quantum metrology, light−matter interaction investigation and quantum memory in the audio frequency band and even below.
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Flexible and ultrathin dopamine modified MXene and cellulose nanofiber composite films with alternating multilayer structure for superior electromagnetic interference shielding performance
Qiugang Liao, Hao Liu, Ziqiang Chen, Yinggan Zhang, Rui Xiong, Zhou Cui, Cuilian Wen, Baisheng Sa
Frontiers of Physics. 2023, 18 (3 ): 33300-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-022-1234-6
With the development of modern electronics, especially the next generation of wearable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials requires flexibility, ultrathin, lightweight and robustness to protect electronic devices from radiation pollution. In this work, the flexible and ultrathin dopamine modified MXene@cellulose nanofiber (DM@CNF) composite films with alternate multilayer structure have been developed by a facile vacuum filtration induced self-assembly approach. The multilayered DM@CNF composite films exhibit improved mechanical properties compared with the homogeneous DM/CNF film. By adjusting the layer number, the multilayered DM3@CNF2 composite film exhibits a tensile strength of 48.14 MPa and a toughness of 5.28 MJ·m−3 with a thickness about 19 μm. Interestingly that, the DM@CNF film with annealing treatment achieves significant improvement in conductivity (up to 17264 S·m−1 ) and EMI properties (SE of 41.90 dB and SSE/t of 10169 dB·cm2 ·g−1 ), which still maintains relatively high mechanical properties. It is highlighted that the ultrathin multilayered DM@CNF film exhibits superior EMI shielding performance compared with most of the metal-based, carbon-based and MXene-based shielding materials reported in the literature. These results will offer an appealing strategy to develop the ultrathin and flexible MXene-based materials with excellent EMI shielding performance for the next generation intelligent protection devices.
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Au/MXene based ultrafast all-optical switching
Yule Zhang, Feng Zhang, Bowen Du, Hualong Chen, S. Wageh, Omar A. Al-Hartomy, Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi, Bin Zhang, Han Zhang
Frontiers of Physics. 2023, 18 (3 ): 33301-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-022-1248-0
All-optical switches have arisen great attention due to their ultrafast speed as compared with electric switches. However, the excellent optical properties and strong interaction of two-dimensional (2D) material MXene show great potentials in next-generation all-optical switching. As a solution, we propose all-optical switching used Au/MXene with switching full width at half maximum (FWHM) operating at 290 fs. Compared with pure MXene, the Au/MXene behaves outstanding performances due to local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), including broadband differential transmission, strong near-infrared on/off ratio enhancement. Remarkably, this study enhances understanding of Au/MXene based ultrafast all-optical switching red-shifted about 34 nm in comparison to MXene, validating all optical properties of Au/MXene opening the way to the implementation of optical interconnection and optical switching.
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Deterministic and replaceable transfer of silver flakes for microcavities
Tingting Wang, Zhihao Zang, Yuchen Gao, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Wei Bao, Yu Ye
Frontiers of Physics. 2023, 18 (3 ): 33302-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-022-1229-3
How to fabricate high-quality microcavities simply and at low cost without causing damage to environmentally sensitive active layers such as perovskites are crucial for the studies of exciton−polaritons, however, it remains challenging in the field of microcavity fabrication. Usually, once the top mirror is deposited, the detuning of the microcavity is fixed and there is no easy way to tune it. Here, we have developed a method for deterministically transferring silver mirrors, which is relatively simple and guarantees the active layer from damaging of high temperature, particle bombardment, etc., during the deposition of the top mirror. Furthermore, with the help of a glass probe, we demonstrate a replaceable silver transfer method to tune the detuning of the microcavity, thereby changing the coupling of photons and excitons therein. The developed deterministic and replaceable silver mirror transfer methods will provide the capability to fabricate high-quality and tunable microcavities and play an active role in the development of the exciton−polariton field.
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Correlation-driven threefold topological phase transition in monolayer OsBr2
San-Dong Guo, Yu-Ling Tao, Wen-Qi Mu, Bang-Gui Liu
Frontiers of Physics. 2023, 18 (3 ): 33304-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-022-1243-5
Spin−orbit coupling (SOC) combined with electronic correlation can induce topological phase transition, producing novel electronic states. Here, we investigate the impact of SOC combined with correlation effects on physical properties of monolayer OsBr2 , based on first-principles calculations with generalized gradient approximation plus U (GGA+U ) approach. With intrinsic out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy, OsBr2 undergoes threefold topological phase transition with increasing U , and valley-polarized quantum anomalous Hall insulator (VQAHI) to half-valley-metal (HVM) to ferrovalley insulator (FVI) to HVM to VQAHI to HVM to FVI transitions can be induced. These topological phase transitions are connected with sign-reversible Berry curvature and band inversion between \textcolor [ R G B ] 12 , 108 , 100 d x y /\textcolor [ R G B ] 12 , 108 , 100 d x 2 − y 2 and \textcolor [ R G B ] 12 , 108 , 100 d z 2 orbitals. Due to \textcolor [ R G B ] 12 , 108 , 100 6 ¯ m 2 symmetry, piezoelectric polarization of OsBr2 is confined along the in-plane armchair direction, and only one d 11 is independent. For a given material, the correlation strength should be fixed, and OsBr2 may be a piezoelectric VQAHI (PVQAHI), piezoelectric HVM (PHVM) or piezoelectric FVI (PFVI). The valley polarization can be flipped by reversing the magnetization of Os atoms, and the ferrovalley (FV) and nontrivial topological properties will be suppressed by manipulating out-of-plane magnetization to in-plane one. In considered reasonable U range, the estimated Curie temperatures all are higher than room temperature. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding on possible electronic states of OsBr2 , and confirm that strong SOC combined with electronic correlation can induce multiple quantum phase transition.
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Excited state biexcitons in monolayer WSe2 driven by vertically grown graphene nanosheets with high-density electron trapping edges
Bo Wen, Da-Ning Luo, Ling-Long Zhang, Xiao-Lin Li, Xin Wang, Liang-Liang Huang, Xi Zhang, Dong-Feng Diao
Frontiers of Physics. 2023, 18 (3 ): 33306-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-022-1232-8
Interface engineering in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is becoming an important and powerful technique to alter their properties, enabling new optoelectronic applications and quantum devices. Interface engineering in a monolayer WSe2 sample via introduction of high-density edges of standing structured graphene nanosheets (GNs) is realized. A strong photoluminescence (PL) emission peak from intravalley and intervalley trions at about 750 nm is observed at the room temperature, which indicated the heavily p-type doping of the monolayer WSe2 /thin graphene nanosheet-embedded carbon (TGNEC) film heterostructure. We also successfully triggered the emission of biexcitons (excited state biexciton) in a monolayer WSe2 , via the electron trapping centers of edge quantum wells of a TGNEC film. The PL emission of a monolayer WSe2 /GNEC film is quenched by capturing the photoexcited electrons to reduce the electron-hole recombination rate. This study can be an important benchmark for the extensive understanding of light–matter interaction in TMDs, and their dynamics.
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Reversible doping polarity and ultrahigh carrier density in two-dimensional van der Waals ferroelectric heterostructures
Yanyan Li, Mingjun Yang, Yanan Lu, Dan Cao, Xiaoshuang Chen, Haibo Shu
Frontiers of Physics. 2023, 18 (3 ): 33307-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-022-1244-4
Van der Waals semiconductor heterostructures (VSHs) composed of two or more two-dimensional (2D) materials with different band gaps exhibit huge potential for exploiting high-performance multifunctional devices. The application of 2D VSHs in atomically thin devices highly depends on the control of their carrier type and density. Herein, on the basis of comprehensive first-principles calculations, we report a new strategy to manipulate the doping polarity and carrier density in a class of 2D VSHs consisting of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and α-In2 X3 (X = S, Se) ferroelectrics via switchable polarization field. Our calculated results indicate that the band bending of In2 X3 layer driven by the FE polarization can be utilized for engineering the band alignment and doping polarity of TMD/In2 X3 VSHs, which enables us to control their carrier density and type of the VSHs by the orientation and magnitude of local FE polarization field. Inspired by these findings, we demonstrate that doping-free p−n junctions achieved in MoTe2 /In2 Se3 VSHs exhibit high carrier density (1013 −1014 cm−2 ), and the inversion of the VHSs from n−p junctions to p−i−n junctions has been realized by the polarization switching from upward to downward states. This work provides a nonvolatile and nondestructive doping strategy for obtaining programmable p−n van der Waals (vdW) junctions and opens the possibilities for self-powered and multifunctional device applications.
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Ultrasensitive solar-blind ultraviolet detection and optoelectronic neuromorphic computing using α-In2 Se3 phototransistors
Yuchen Cai, Jia Yang, Feng Wang, Shuhui Li, Yanrong Wang, Xueying Zhan, Fengmei Wang, Ruiqing Cheng, Zhenxing Wang, Jun He
Frontiers of Physics. 2023, 18 (3 ): 33308-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-022-1241-7
Detection of solar-blind ultraviolet (SB-UV) light is important in applications like confidential communication, flame detection, and missile warning system. However, the existing SB-UV photodetectors still show low sensitivities. In this work, we demonstrate the extraordinary SB-UV detection performance of α-In2 Se3 phototransistors. Benefiting from the coupled semiconductor and ferroelectricity property, the phototransistor has an ultraweak detectable power of 17.85 fW, an ultrahigh gain of 1.2 × 106 , a responsivity of 2.6 × 105 A/W, a detectivity of 1.3 × 1016 Jones and an ultralow noise-equivalent-power of 4.2 × 10−20 W/Hz1/2 for 275 nm light. Its performance exceeds most other UV detectors, even including commercial photomultiplier tubes and avalanche photodiodes. It can be also implemented as an optoelectronic synapse for neuromorphic computing. A 784×300×10 artificial neural network (ANN) based on this optoelectronic synapse is constructed and demonstrated with a high recognition accuracy and good noise-tolerance for the Fashion-MNIST dataset. These extraordinary features endow this phototransistor with the potential for constructing advanced SB-UV detectors and intelligent hardware.
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Universal behaviors of magnon-mediated spin transport in disordered nonmagnetic metal-ferromagnetic insulator heterostructures
Gaoyang Li, Fuming Xu, Jian Wang
Frontiers of Physics. 2023, 18 (3 ): 33310-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-023-1275-5
We numerically investigate magnon-mediated spin transport through nonmagnetic metal/ferromagnetic insulator (NM/FI) heterostructures in the presence of Anderson disorder, and discover universal behaviors of the spin conductance in both one-dimensional (1D) and 2D systems. In the localized regime, the variance of logarithmic spin conductance σ 2 (lnG T ) shows a universal linear scaling with its average ⟨lnG T ⟩, independent of Fermi energy, temperature, and system size in both 1D and 2D cases. In 2D, the competition between disorder-enhanced density of states at the NM/FI interface and disorder-suppressed spin transport leads to a non-monotonic dependence of average spin conductance on the disorder strength. As a result, in the metallic regime, average spin conductance is enhanced by disorder, and a new linear scaling between spin conductance fluctuation rms(G T ) and average spin conductance G T is revealed which is universal at large system width. These universal scaling behaviors suggest that spin transport mediated by magnon in disordered 2D NM/FI systems belongs to a new universality class, different from that of charge conductance in 2D normal metal systems.
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The rise of two-dimensional tellurium for next-generation electronics and optoelectronics
Tao Zhu, Yao Zhang, Xin Wei, Man Jiang, Hua Xu
Frontiers of Physics. 2023, 18 (3 ): 33601-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-022-1231-9
Single-element two-dimensional (2D) tellurium (Te) which possesses an unusual quasi-one-dimensional atomic chain structure is a new member in 2D materials family. 2D Te possesses high carrier mobility, wide tunable bandgap, strong light-matter interaction, better environmental stability, and strong anisotropy, making Te exhibit tremendous application potential in next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, as an emerging 2D material, the research on fundamental property and device application of Te is still in its infancy. Hence, this review summarizes the most recent research progresses about the new star 2D Te and discusses its future development direction. Firstly, the structural features, basic physical properties, and various preparation methods of 2D Te are systemically introduced. Then, we emphatically summarize the booming development of 2D Te-based electronic and optoelectronic devices including field effect transistors, photodetectors and van der Waals heterostructure photodiodes. Finally, the future challenges, opportunities, and development directions of 2D Te-based electronic and optoelectronic devices are prospected.
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