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Non-Gaussian normal diffusion in low dimensional systems |
Qingqing Yin1, Yunyun Li1(), Fabio Marchesoni1,2(), Subhadip Nayak3, Pulak K. Ghosh3() |
1. Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China 2. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy 3. Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India |
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Abstract Brownian particles suspended in disordered crowded environments often exhibit non-Gaussian normal diffusion (NGND), whereby their displacements grow with mean square proportional to the observation time and non-Gaussian statistics. Their distributions appear to decay almost exponentially according to “universal” laws largely insensitive to the observation time. This effect is generically attributed to slow environmental fluctuations, which perturb the local configuration of the suspension medium. To investigate the microscopic mechanisms responsible for the NGND phenomenon, we study Brownian diffusion in low dimensional systems, like the free diffusion of ellipsoidal and active particles, the diffusion of colloidal particles in fluctuating corrugated channels and Brownian motion in arrays of planar convective rolls. NGND appears to be a transient effect related to the time modulation of the instantaneous particle’s diffusivity, which can occur even under equilibrium conditions. Consequently, we propose to generalize the definition of NGND to include transient displacement distributions which vary continuously with the observation time. To this purpose, we provide a heuristic one-parameter function, which fits all time-dependent transient displacement distributions corresponding to the same diffusion constant. Moreover, we reveal the existence of low dimensional systems where the NGND distributions are not leptokurtic (fat exponential tails), as often reported in the literature, but platykurtic (thin sub-Gaussian tails), i.e., with negative excess kurtosis. The actual nature of the NGND transients is related to the specific microscopic dynamics of the diffusing particle.
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Keywords
non-Gaussian normal diffusion
transport phenomena
stochastic process
active matter
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Corresponding Author(s):
Yunyun Li,Fabio Marchesoni,Pulak K. Ghosh
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Just Accepted Date: 22 October 2020
Issue Date: 25 March 2021
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