The Communist Party of China (CPC) has always been focused on the thought and practice of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Historical practice has shown that different patterns of transplantation and grafting determine whether or not the adaption is successful. Adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times does not mean mechanically transplanting the basic tenets of Marxism to China physically and locationally. Instead, we should graft them in the way that chemical reaction is produced, thus adapting the basic tenets of Marxism to China’s specific realities. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, as a landmark result of the CPC’s ten-year theoretical innovation on adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, is the product of adapting the basic tenets of Marxism to China’s specific realities and its fine traditional culture (“two adaptions”). This theoretical innovation formed by the “two adaptions” marks a new leap in the adaption of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. To realize the Second Centenary Goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects and to advance the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through a Chinese path to modernization, we must continue opening new chapters in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.