The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) proposed to advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through a Chinese path to modernization. The Party underscores the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature as one of the five characteristics of Chinese modernization, assigning a new historical mission to construct ecological civilization in the new era. While industrial civilization has propelled monumental advancements in the overall productive forces of human society and generated unprecedented material wealth, it has concurrently escalated the tension in the relationship between humanity and nature. Addressing the ecological crisis and fostering the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature is not discretionary but essential for all human beings to tackle the challenges we face and build a community with a shared future. Philosophically, the philosophy of human dominance over nature is reaching its limits, and the current era necessitates the development of a philosophical framework that revolves around the harmony between humanity and nature. It is incumbent upon us, under the expansive vision of history, to persevere in “two integrations” and draw from traditional Chinese ecological wisdom, Marxist views on the relationship between humanity and nature, as well as Xi Jinping’s Thought on Ecological Civilization. These efforts aim to establish the Chinese school of environmental ethics, develop a discourse system of Chinese Marxist ecological philosophy, and ultimately guide the unfolding of a novel chapter in human civilization.