Influence of pressure and density on the rheological properties of rockfills
Influence of pressure and density on the rheological properties of rockfills
Erich BAUER1(), Zhongzhi FU2, Sihong LIU3
1. Institute of Applied Mechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria; 2. Geotechnical Engineering Department, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China; 3. Institute of Hydraulic Structures, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
Long-term deformations of rockfill dams can be related to the type of dam, the pre-compaction achieved during the construction of the dam, the history of loading events, the rheological properties of the rockfill material used, the seepage behavior caused by defects of the sealing, the interactions of the dam building with the foundation, and the hydrothermal phenomena of the stressed rockfill material. The present paper investigates the rheological properties of coarse grained rockfill materials using a hypoplastic constitutive model. Particular attention is paid to wetting deformation under different deviatoric loading states and pre-compactions. To quantify the state of weathering a so-called “solid hardness” is used in the sense of a continuum description. It is shown that an appropriate modeling of wetting deformations requires a unified description of the interaction at least between the state of weathering, the stress state, the density and the rate of deformation. The results obtained from the numerical simulations are compared with available experimental data for a rockfill material used in Xiaolangdi earth dam.
. Influence of pressure and density on the rheological properties of rockfills[J]. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2012, 6(1): 25-34.
Erich BAUER, Zhongzhi FU, Sihong LIU. Influence of pressure and density on the rheological properties of rockfills. Front Struc Civil Eng, 2012, 6(1): 25-34.
Brauns J, Kast K, Blinde A. Compaction effects on the mechanical and saturation behaviour of disintegrated rockfill. In: Proceedings of the International conference on Compaction. Paris , 1980, 1: 107–112
2
Kast K. Mechanisches Verhalten von Granitschuettungen. In Veroeffentlichungen des Institutes fuer Bodenmechanik und Felsmechanik der Universitaet Fridericiana in Karlsruhe, Heft 125, 1992
3
Biarez J, Hicher P Y. Influence de la granulometrie et de son evolution par ruptures de grains sur Ie comportement mecanique de materiaux granulaires. Revue fran?aise de genie civil , 1(4): 607–631 , 1997
4
Nobari E S, Duncan J M. Movements in dams due to reservoir filling. In: Proceedings of the ASCE Specialty conference on Performance of Earth and Earth-supported Structure . Lafayette: Purdue University, 1973, 797–815
5
Alonso E, Oldecop L A. Fundamentals of rockfill collapse. In: Proceedings of the 1st Asian Conf. on Unsaturated Soils . Rahardjo H, Toll DG, Leong EC, eds. Rotterdam: Balkema Press, 2000, 3–13
6
Oldecop L A, Alonso E. Theoretical investigation of the time-dependent behaviour of rockfill. Geotechnique , 2007, 57(3): 289–301 doi: 10.1680/geot.2007.57.3.289
7
Hu W, Frossart E, Hicher P Y, et al. A new method to evaluate the mechanical behavior of granular material with large particles: Theory and validation: In: Proceedings of the 2nd Int. Conf. on Long Term Behaviour of Dams. Bauer, Semprich and Zenz, eds. Graz: Publisher Graz University of Technology , 2009, 437–478
8
Alonso E, Cardoso R. Behaviour of Materials for Earth and Rockfill Dams: Perspective from Unsaturated Soil Mechanics. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Int. Conf. on Long Term Behaviour of Dams Bauer, Semprich and Zenz, eds. Graz: Publisher Graz University of Technology , 1–38 , 2009
9
Klammer D, Dietzel M. Weathering of Natural Minerals and Rocks – Effect of Composition and Structure of Solids and Solution Chemistry. In: Proceedings of the 6th Int. Conf. on Dam Engineering. Pina, Portela and Gomes, eds. Lisbon, Portugal , 2011
10
Ham T G, Nakata Y, Orense R, et al. Influence of water on the compressive behavior of decomposed granite soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering , 2010, 136(5): 697–705 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000274
11
Bauer E. Hypoplastic modelling of moisture-sensitive weathered rockfill materials. Acta Geotechnica , 2009, 4(4): 261–272 doi: 10.1007/s11440-009-0099-y
12
Li G X. Triaxial Wetting Experiments on Rockfill Materials Used in Xiaolangdi Earth Dam. Research Report from Tsinghua University , 1988
13
Bauer E, Fu Z, Liu S. Hypoplastic constitutive modeling of wetting deformation of weathered rockfill materials. Frontiers of Architecture and Civil Engineering in China , 2010, 4(1): 78–91
14
Kolymbas D. An outline of hypoplasticity. Archive of Applied Mechanics , 1991, 61: 143–151
15
Wu W, Bauer E. A hypoplastic model for barotropy and pyknotropy of granular soils. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Modern Approaches to Plasticity. Elsevier , 225–245 , 1993
16
Gudehus G. A comprehensive constitutive equation for granular materials. Soil and Foundation , 1996, 36(1): 1–12 doi: 10.3208/sandf.36.1
17
Gudehus G. Physical Soil Mechanics, Advances in Geophysical and Environmental Mechanics and Mathematics. Springer-Verlag Berlin-Heidelberg, 2011
18
Bauer E. Calibration of a comprehensive hypoplastic model for granular materials. Soil and Foundation , 1996, 36(1): 13–26 doi: 10.3208/sandf.36.13
19
Bauer E. Constitutive modelling of critical states in hypoplasticity. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Numerical Models in Geomechanics. Pande and Pietruszczak, Balkema Press , 15–20 , 1995
20
Bauer E, Zhu Y. Constitutive modelling of pressure, density and moisture content on the mechanical behaviour of rockfill materials. In: Proc. of the 4th Int. Conf. On Dam Eng. . Wieland, M.RenaQ.Tan J S Y, eds. Nanjing: Balkema Publishers, 2004, 129–146
21
Bauer E. Constitutive modelling of critical states in hypoplasticity. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Numerical Models in Geomechanics. NUMOG-V, Davos, Switzerland, Balkema , 15–20 , 1995
22
Bauer E. The critical state concept in hypoplasticity. In: Proceeding of the 9th Int. Conf. on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics. IACMAG 97, Wuhan, China , 1997, 691–696
23
Matsuoka H, Nakai T. Stress-strain relationship of soil based on the “SMP”. In: Proceedings of Specialty Session 9, IX Int. Conf. Soil Mech. Found. Eng. Tokyo , 1977, 153–162
Fu Z, Bauer E. Hypoplastic constitutive modeling of the long term behaviour and wetting deformation of weathered granular materials. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Int. Conf. On Long Term Behaviour of Dams, Bauer, Semprich and Zenz, eds. Graz: Publisher Graz University of Technology , 437–478 , 2009
26
Fu Z Z. Hypoplastic constitutive modelling for wetting deformation of granular materials and its application in Engineering. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Nanjing: Hohai University , 2011 (in Chinese)
27
Bauer E, Fu Z. Modeling of weathered and moisture sensitive granular materials. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Bifurcation and Degradation in Geomaterials . Bonelli S Dascalu C, Nicot F, eds. Springer Series in Geomechanics & Geoengineering, 2011, 333–338
Bauer E, Tantono S F, Niemunis A, et al. Modelling the Disintegration of Weathered and Partly Saturated Grains of Rockfill Material. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils , Beijing: Science Press, 2007, 335–340
