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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering

ISSN 2095-2430

ISSN 2095-2449(Online)

CN 10-1023/X

邮发代号 80-968

2019 Impact Factor: 1.68

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering  2013, Vol. 7 Issue (4): 402-410   https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-013-0230-x
  RESEARCH ARTICLE 本期目录
Comparison and harmonization of building wind loading codes among the Asia-Pacific Economies
Comparison and harmonization of building wind loading codes among the Asia-Pacific Economies
Yaojun GE1(), Shuyang CAO1, Xinyang JIN2
1. State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; 2. China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, China
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Abstract

This paper reviews wind loading codes and standards in the Asia-Pacific Region, in particular in the 15 countries and areas. A general description of wind loading model is given as a famous wind loading chain described by four variables including velocity pressure, exposure factor, pressure coefficient, and gust response factor. Through the APEC-WW Workshops and the extensive calculations for three examples of low, medium and high rise buildings, these four important variables of wind loads are evaluated and compared with statistical parameters, mean values and coefficients of variation. The main results of the comparison show some differences among the 15 economies, and the reasons and further incorporation are discussed and suggested.

Key wordswind loading    codification    velocity pressure    exposure factor    pressure coefficient    gust response factor
收稿日期: 2013-06-18      出版日期: 2013-12-05
Corresponding Author(s): GE Yaojun,Email:yaojunge@tongji.edu.cn   
 引用本文:   
. Comparison and harmonization of building wind loading codes among the Asia-Pacific Economies[J]. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2013, 7(4): 402-410.
Yaojun GE, Shuyang CAO, Xinyang JIN. Comparison and harmonization of building wind loading codes among the Asia-Pacific Economies. Front Struc Civil Eng, 2013, 7(4): 402-410.
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https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/CN/10.1007/s11709-013-0230-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/CN/Y2013/V7/I4/402
economyρ/(kg·m-3)referenceheight/maveraging timereturn periodpressureratio/ηq
timeratioyearsratio
Australian & New Zealanda)1.20103 s1.55001.223.349
Canada1.25101 h0.92501.00.882
China1.251010 m1.0501.01.042
Hong Kong, China1.20101 h0.92501.00.846
India1.20101 h0.92501.00.846
Indonesia1.20103 s1.5501.02.250
Japan1.221010 m1.01001.071.164
Korea1.251010 m1.01001.071.193
Malaysia1.20103 s1.5501.02.250
Philippines1.22103 s1.5501.02.288
Singapore1.20103 s1.5501.02.250
Taiwan, China1.161010 m1.0501.00.967
Thailand1.25101 h0.921001.071.009
United States1.25101 h0.92501.00.882
Vietnam1.201010 m1.0501.01.000
mean value1.217101.1401.011a)1.347 a)
coefficient of variation0.0220.000.2250.022 a)0.434 a)
Tab.1  
economylawNo.minimumbasicmaximumηe
αminδminαbδbαmaxδmaxminmax
Australian & New Zealanda)D&H40.123000.153500.295001.280.300
Canadapower30.142700.142700.364001.000.177
Chinapower40.123000.163500.304501.380.318
Hong Kong, Chinapower10.115000.115000.115001.001.000
Indiab)power40.102500.142700.345001.320.176
Indonesiapower40.092130.112740.204571.190.449
Japanpower50.102500.153500.356501.530.156
Koreapower40.102500.153000.335001.460.210
Malaysiapower40.122500.153000.305001.280.265
Philippinespower40.092130.112740.204571.190.449
Singaporec)log2
Taiwan, Chinapower30.153000.153000.325001.000.227
Thailandb)power30.142700.142700.366001.000.132
United Statespower30.112100.152700.253601.380.448
Vietnampower30.072500.093000.144001.180.679
mean value0.1112730.1363130.2754841.230.356
coefficient of variation0.190.250.150.190.290.150.140.65
Tab.2  
economywind SWwind NW
ABCDABCD
Australian & New Zealand-0.14-1.33-1.01-1.07-0.57-0.72-0.72-0.57
Canada0.45-2.70-1.70-1.50-0.90-2.00-1.00-0.80
China0.34-0.25-0.25-0.21-0.26-0.21-0.25-0.34
Hong Kong, China0.65-2.49-2.49-1.75-1.23-1.92-1.92-1.23
India0.0-1.61-1.11-0.96-0.51-0.81-0.81-0.51
Indonesia-0.14-1.30-0.93-1.07-0.190.140.14-0.19
Japan-0.10-1.49-1.49-1.14-0.75-0.92-0.92-0.75
Korea0.63-0.56-0.49-0.39-0.83-0.46-0.46-0.83
Malaysia-0.15-1.23-0.83-1.00-0.47-0.60-0.60-0.47
Philippines0.50-1.55-1.05-0.95-0.50-1.00-1.00-0.50
Singapore0.0-1.68-1.16-1.270.0-1.27-0.75-1.27
Taiwan, China0.07-0.76-0.76-0.63-0.49-0.49-0.49-0.49
Thailand0.20-0.79-1.12-0.08-0.76-0.79-1.12-0.76
United States-0.09-1.77-1.23-1.13-0.45-1.07-0.69-0.45
Vietnam0.12-1.38-1.36-1.42-0.57-0.86-0.86-0.57
mean value0.156-1.39-1.13-0.97-0.57-0.87-0.76-0.65
coefficient of variation1.7840.450.450.470.520.630.580.45
Tab.3  
economyroller doorSW wallwindowNE wall
maxminmaxmin
Australian & New Zealand0.64-0.460.80-1.19
Canada0.57-0.590.68-0.68
China0.64-0.800.64-1.43
Hong Kong, China0.89-1.250.89-1.25
India0.71-0.510.71-0.96
Indonesia0.64-0.460.80-1.19
Japan0.62-0.750.62-1.51
Korea0.96-0.830.96-1.08
Malaysia0.66-0.470.82-1.22
Philippines0.75-0.840.84-1.73
Singapore1.24-0.520.72-1.35
Taiwan, China0.61-0.650.76-1.37
Thailanda)
United States0.55-0.620.67-0.93
Vietnam0.91-0.530.91-1.33
mean value0.742-0.660.773-1.23
coefficient of variation0.250.320.130.21
Tab.4  
economycoefficientpressure/kPaGRFbase force
maxminmaxminGLFshear/KNmoment/MNm
Australian & New Zealand1.20-1.952.25-3.671.005727150
Canada0.92-1.081.80-2.112.005332142
China1.00-2.001.22-2.441.00328299
Hong Kong, China1.00-1.401.87-2.621.004573116
India0.82-1.201.55-2.261.004957131
Indonesia1.20-1.952.24-3.641.007477210
Japan2.71-3.002.14-2.372.045061132
Korea1.92-3.201.53-2.542.205534134
Malaysia1.20-1.952.26-3.701.005698152
Philippines0.80-1.601.32-2.850.805026128
Singapore1.20-1.952.26-3.671.006556163
Taiwan, China1.80-1.101.58-2.951.733738100
Thailand1.00-1.201.86-2.232.09373797
United States1.77-3.211.41-2.560.854108117
Vietnam1.30-0.982.44-1.831.006423165
mean value1.20-1.851.85-2.761.315149136
coefficient of variation0.480.400.210.220.390.220.22
Tab.5  
Fig.1  
Fig.2  
economyqH/(kN·m-2)CeCpCgW/(kN·m-2)base force
shear /kNmoment /MNm
Australian & New Zealand2.0890.8001.301.052.281215002085
Canada0.8560.7811.302.402.086198441994
China1.0510.6941.301.321.252138671554
Hong Kong, China0.8210.8201.102.531.874158171583
India0.8210.7251.432.231.898176481819
Indonesia2.0890.7811.200.941.958212922264
Japan1.0250.6491.212.441.964215402162
Korea1.0510.6021.302.201.810196372017
Malaysia2.0890.7041.301.052.007218702110
Philippines2.1230.7141.300.801.576161001574
Singapore a)-------
Taiwan, China0.9750.6671.302.121.792170761748
Thailand0.8560.7141.302.101.669150911539
United States0.8560.6671.302.201.633183051795
Vietnama)-------
mean value1.2850.7171.281.801.831184301865
coefficient of variation0.430.090.060.350.140.140.13
Tab.6  
Fig.3  
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