Cementitious materials reinforced with well dispersed multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) at the nanoscale were fabricated and tested. The MWCNTs and CNFs were dispersed by the application of ultrasonic energy and the use of a superplasticizer. Mechanical and fracture properties including flexural strength, Young’s modulus, flexural and fracture toughness were measured and compared with similarly processed reference cement based mixes without the nano-reinforcement. The MWCNTs and CNFs reinforced mortars exhibited superior properties demonstrated by a significant improvement in flexural strength (106%), Young’s modulus (95%), flexural toughness (105%), effective crack length (30%) and fracture toughness (120%).
. [J]. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2016, 10(2): 142-149.
Emmanuel E. GDOUTOS,Maria S. KONSTA-GDOUTOS,Panagiotis A. DANOGLIDIS,Surendra P. SHAH. Advanced cement based nanocomposites reinforced with MWCNTs and CNFs. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2016, 10(2): 142-149.
Belytschko T, Xiao S P, Schatz G C, Ruoff R. Atomistic simulations of nanotube fracture. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2002, 65(23): 235430–235437
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.65.235430
2
Shah S P, Konsta-Gdoutos M S, Metaxa Z S. Highly Dispersed Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Cement-Based Materials. US Patent, WO/2009/099640, 2009
3
Hersam M C, Seo J-W T, Shah S P, Konsta-Gdoutos M S, Metaxa Z S. Highly Concentrated Carbon Nanotube Suspensions for Cementitious Materials and Method of Reinforcing Such Materials. US Patent, US8865107 B2 and US201200428 06 A1, 2014
4
Konsta-Gdoutos M S, Metaxa Z S, Shah S P. Highly Dispersed Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Cement Based Materials. Cement and Concrete Research, 2010, 40(7): 1052–1059
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.02.015
5
Metaxa Z S, Konsta-Gdoutos M S, Shah S P. Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Concrete, ACI Special Publication on Nanotechnology of Concrete. The Next Big Thing is Small, 2009, 267, 11–20
6
Shah S P, Konsta-Gdoutos M S, Metaxa Z S. Exploration of Fracture Characteristics, Nanoscale Properties and Nanostructure of Cementitious Matrices with Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanofibers. Seoul: Korea Concrete Institute, 2010
7
Konsta-Gdoutos M S, Metaxa Z S, Shah S P. Multi-scale Mechanical and Fracture Characteristics and Early-age Strain Capacity of High Performance Carbon Nanotube/Cement Nanocomposites. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2010, 32(2): 110–115
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.10.007
8
Metaxa Z S, Konsta-Gdoutos M S, Shah S P. Carbon nanofiber cementitious composites: Effect of debulking procedure on dispersion and reinforcing efficiency. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2010, 32: 110–115
9
Gdoutos E E. Fracture mechanics: An introduction. New York: Springer, 2006
Siddique R, Mehta A. Effect of carbon nanotubes on properties of cement mortars. Construction and Building Materials, 2014, 50, 116–129
12
Yazdani N, Mohanam V. Carbon Nano-Tube and Nano-Fiber in Cement Mortar: Effect of Dosage Rate and Water- Cement Ratio. International Journal of Material Science, 2014, 4(2): 45–52
https://doi.org/10.14355/ijmsci.2014.0402.01
13
Sobolkina A, Mechtcherine V, Khavrus V, Maier D, Mende M, Ritschel M, Leonhardt A. Dispersion of carbon nanotubes and its influence on the mechanical properties of the cement matrix. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2012, 34(10): 1104–1113
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.07.008
14
Esmaeili J, Mohammadjafari A R. Increasing flexural strength and toughness of cement mortar using multi-walled Carbon nanotubes. International Journal of Nano Dimention, 2014, 5: 399–407
15
Lawrence J G, Berhan L M, Nadarajah A. Structureal transformation of vapor grown carbon nanofiber studied by HRTEM. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2008, 10(7): 1155–1167
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-007-9341-4
16
Tibbetts G G, Lake M L, Strong K L, Rice B P. A review of the fabrication andproperties of vapor-grown carbon nanofiber/polymer composites. Composites Science and Technology, 2007, 67(7-8): 1709–1718
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.06.015
17
Chen Y L, Liu B, He X Q, Huang Y, Hwang K C. Failure analysis and the optimal toughness design of carbon nanotube-reinforced composites Comp. Sciences et Techniques (Paris), 2010, 70: 1360–1367
18
Chen Y, Wang S, Liu B, Zhang J. Effects of geometrical and mechanical properties of fiber and matrix on composite fracture toughness. Composite Structures, 2015, 122: 496–506