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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering

ISSN 2095-2430

ISSN 2095-2449(Online)

CN 10-1023/X

邮发代号 80-968

2019 Impact Factor: 1.68

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering  2022, Vol. 16 Issue (10): 1315-1335   https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-022-0853-x
  本期目录
Development of mix design method based on statistical analysis of different factors for geopolymer concrete
Paramveer SINGH, Kanish KAPOOR()
Department of Civil Engineering, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, India
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Abstract

The present study proposes the mix design method of Fly Ash (FA) based geopolymer concrete using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In this method, different factors, including binder content, alkali/binder ratio, NS/NH ratio (sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide), NH molarity, and water/solids ratio were considered for the mix design of geopolymer concrete. The 2D contour plots were used to setup the mix design method to achieve the target compressive strength. The proposed mix design method of geopolymer concrete is divided into three categories based on curing regime, specifically one ambient curing (25 °C) and two heat curing (60 and 90 °C). The proposed mix design method of geopolymer concrete was validated through experimentation of M30, M50, and M70 concrete mixes at all curing regimes. The observed experimental compressive strength results validate the mix design method by more than 90% of their target strength. Furthermore, the current study concluded that the required compressive strength can be achieved by varying any factor in the mix design. In addition, the factor analysis revealed that the NS/NH ratio significantly affects the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete.

Key wordsgeopolymer concrete    mix design    fly ash    response surface methodology    compressive strength    stress−strain
收稿日期: 2022-01-19      出版日期: 2022-12-29
Corresponding Author(s): Kanish KAPOOR   
 引用本文:   
. [J]. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2022, 16(10): 1315-1335.
Paramveer SINGH, Kanish KAPOOR. Development of mix design method based on statistical analysis of different factors for geopolymer concrete. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2022, 16(10): 1315-1335.
 链接本文:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/CN/10.1007/s11709-022-0853-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/CN/Y2022/V16/I10/1315
Fig.1  
factornameunitminimummaximumaveragestandard deviation
Abinder contentkg·m?3300500403.5846.62
BGGBS%04014.7118.92
CAl/binder?0.350.650.440.095
DNS/NH?1.503.502.360.37
ENHmol·L?181611.182.83
Fwater/solids?0.150.300.230.04
Gtemperature°C2510058.4323.12
Tab.1  
sourcesequential p-valuelack of fit p-valueR2adjusted R2predicted R2remarks
linear< 0.0001< 0.00010.420.400.36?
2FI< 0.00010.200.840.810.78?
quadratic0.0400.270.850.820.79suggested
cubic0.010.850.940.87?aliased
Tab.2  
Fig.2  
sourcesum of squaresdfmean squareF-valuep-valueremarks
model35087.59221594.8940.01< 0.0001significant
A-Binder content198.161198.164.970.0272
B-GGBS %1484.4911484.4937.24< 0.0001
C-Al/binder499.671499.6712.530.0005
D-NS/NH2586.9912586.9964.90< 0.0001
E-NH277.971277.976.970.0091
F-water/solids1952.0811952.0848.97< 0.0001
G-Temperature719.371719.3718.05< 0.0001
AC823.011823.0120.65< 0.0001
AD658.841658.8416.53< 0.0001
AE879.061879.0622.05< 0.0001
AF298.371298.377.490.0070
BC155.511155.513.900.0501
BD1995.4911995.4950.06< 0.0001
BF132.811132.813.330.0699
BG286.151286.157.180.0082
CD182.361182.364.570.0340
CE4586.9914586.99115.07< 0.0001
DF2058.5812058.5851.64< 0.0001
EF2565.4712565.4764.36< 0.0001
B2183.071183.074.590.0337
C2226.361226.365.680.0184
G2600.031600.0315.050.0002
residual6058.9815239.86??
lack of fit4791.4611740.951.130.3463not significant
pure error1267.513536.21??
cor total41146.57174???
Tab.3  
sourceR2adjusted R2predicted R2standard deviation
quadratic model0.850.830.816.31
Tab.4  
Fig.3  
Fig.4  
Fig.5  
Fig.6  
Fig.7  
Fig.8  
chemical compoundsFAGGBS
SiO254.5%33.1%
Al2O333.9%18.2%
Fe2O34.2%0.31%
CaO3.1%35.3%
MgO2.3%7.6%
loss of ignition1.3%0.26%
Tab.5  
propertyFAGGBS
specific gravity2.22.85
fineness (m2/kg)40253900
Tab.6  
Fig.9  
factorsvalue
curing temperatureambient temperature (25 °C)
binder content420 kg·m?3
GGBS20%
Al/binder ratio0.46
NH molarity10 M
NS/NH ratio2.5
water/solid ratio0.250
Tab.7  
propertyFAGGBSNHNScoarse aggregatesfine aggregates
specific gravity2.22.851.321.532.612.53
water absorption????0.5%1.5%
Tab.8  
mixcuring regimetotal binder content (kg·m?3)GGBS (%)Al/binder ratioNH-molarity (mol·L?1)NS/NH ratiowater/solid ratio
M30ambient420200.46102.50.250
6042000.471030.255
9042000.501030.265
M50ambient470300.61220.275
60470100.561220.260
90470100.58122.20.275
M70ambient470400.49141.50.27
60470300.52141.80.245
90470200.51420.250
Tab.9  
mixcuring temperatureFAGGBSNHNSadditional watercoarse aggregatesfine aggregates
M3025 °C33610955.21389.535958735
60 °C420049.3514811.09949735
90 °C420052.5157.510.02928736
M5025 °C32918390.87181.73?791680
60 °C4236184.6169.2?822684
90 °C4236185.19187.411.24866762
M7025 °C28224492.12138.1821.26831654
60 °C32918387.29157.110.92840677
90 °C37612281.47162.934.06845670
Tab.10  
Fig.10  
Fig.11  
Fig.12  
Fig.13  
factorcoefficient estimatestandard error
intercept51.922.7
A?5.053.56
B10.71.69
C30.065.66
D?63.288.16
E3.112.77
F?50.873.28
G9.581.92
AC?46.615.64
AD?14.35.49
AE?15.753.81
AF32.176.33
BC26.774.61
BD?50.187.1
BG?4.732.21
CE63.26.1
DF?57.98.78
EF?59.784.57
B23.971.94
C2?20.846.29
D2?9.23.79
G2?5.662.35
Tab.11  
Fig.14  
Fig.15  
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