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Features of seismic hazard in large dam projects
and strong motion monitoring of large dams |
Martin WIELAND, |
Chairman, ICOLD Committee
on Seismic Aspects of Dam Design, Poyry Energy Ltd., Zurich CH-8037,
Switzerland; |
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Abstract Earthquakes can affect large dam projects in many different ways. Usually, design engineers are focussing on ground shaking and neglect the other aspects. The May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake has damaged 1803 dams and reservoirs, and 403 hydropower plants with an installed capacity of 3.3GW. Among these dams were the 132-m-high Shapai RCC arch dam and the 156-m-high Zipingpu concrete face rockfill dam. These recently completed dams are dam types which, up to now, have not experienced strong ground shaking. The widespread mass movements have caused substantial damage to dams and surface powerhouses in Sichuan. The different features of earthquake hazard are presented, i.e., ground shaking, faulting and mass movements. It is proposed to prepare project-specific safety plans for all dams, which consist of a matrix where the possible hazards and the corresponding countermeasures are listed. The earthquake behaviors of the Sefid Rud, Zipingpu and Shapai dams, which, in the past, have experienced strong ground shaking from nearby earthquakes, are discussed. Finally, the need for strong motion instrumentation of large dams is discussed. It is proposed that major dams with large damage potential, dams located in areas of high seismicity, and dams showing signs of abnormal behavior be equipped with strong motion instruments.
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Keywords
seismic hazard
arch dam
concrete face rockfill dam
strong motion instrumentation
reservoir-triggered seismicity
Wenchuan earthquake
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Issue Date: 05 March 2010
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Wieland M, Brenner R P, Sommer P. Earthquake resiliency of large concrete dams: damage,repair, and strengthening concepts. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Congress on Large Dams, ICOLD,Montreal, Canada. 2003
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Wieland M, Matsumoto N, Landon-Jones I, Babbitt D. Inspectionof dams after earthquakes. In: Proceedingsof International Conference on Dam Safety Management, Nanjing, China. 2008
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ICOLD. Design Featuresof Dams to Effectively Resist Seismic Ground Motion, Guidelines, Bulletin120. Paris: Committee on Seismic Aspectsof Dam Design, ICOLD, 2001
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ICOLD. Reservoirsand Seismicity- State of Knowledge, ICOLD Bulletin 137. Paris: Committee on Seismic Aspects of Dam Design, ICOLD, 2009
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