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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering

ISSN 2095-2430

ISSN 2095-2449(Online)

CN 10-1023/X

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Front. Struct. Civ. Eng.    2019, Vol. 13 Issue (3) : 716-724    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-018-0508-0
RESEARCH ARTICLE
The role of geometrical features in the architectural- structural interaction: Some case studies of the Iranian ancient architecture
Maryam ZANDIYEHVAKILI1(), Isa HOJAT2, Mehdi MAHMUDI1
1. Faculty of Architecture and Urban Development, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2. Faculty of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract

This research aims to enhance the interaction between a structure and its architectural form. Having a qualitative approach, the present work discovers some successfully used geometrical features of the Iranian ancient architecture in terms of the architectural-structural interaction. We define four qualitative criteria for this assessment, i.e., construction-ability, cost effectiveness, participation of the structure in fulfillment of the visual, and functional-semantic needs of the architectural form. For this purpose, two case studies including the Jamé Mosque of Isfahan and the Soltaniyeh building are investigated. The outcomes of this research help designers to not only design efficient structures by adapting non-load bearing elements with the general form of the structure, but also meet concepts such as the unity or perfectionism in the structure.
Keywords architectural-structural interaction      geometrical features      structure      architectural form      Iranian ancient architecture     
Corresponding Author(s): Maryam ZANDIYEHVAKILI   
Just Accepted Date: 01 August 2018   Online First Date: 06 September 2018    Issue Date: 05 June 2019
 Cite this article:   
Maryam ZANDIYEHVAKILI,Isa HOJAT,Mehdi MAHMUDI. The role of geometrical features in the architectural- structural interaction: Some case studies of the Iranian ancient architecture[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2019, 13(3): 716-724.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/10.1007/s11709-018-0508-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/Y2019/V13/I3/716
Fig.1  The southern dome of Jamé Mosque of Isfahan, Tarkin dome [18]
Fig.2  The northern dome of Jamé Mosque of Isfahan [18]
Fig.3  Soltaniyeh, load-path diagram
Fig.4  Golden ration in the northern dome of the Jamé Mosque [27]
Fig.5  Modulation in the northern dome of Jamé Mosque [29]
Fig.6  Simple geometric shapes in Soltaniyeh building
Fig.7  “Chamaneh” arch in Soltaniyeh dome
Fig.8  Squinch of the northern dome of Jamé Mosque [18]
Fig.9  “Patkaneh” muqarnas in the western porch of Jamé Mosque [18]
Fig.10  Muqarnases in the transition area of Soltaniyeh’s dome [41]
Fig.11  Force flow chart in the “Rasmi-Karbandi” [16]
Fig.12  The “Karbandi” structure in the No. 60 of Jamé Mosque’s vaults [25]
Fig.13  An example of brickwork in the southern dome of the Jamé Mosque [25]
ASI parameters Iranian architecture’s guidelines about the application of geometry
construction-ability • Attachment of non-structural elements to the overall shape of the structure by using geometric solutions such as proportions, modulation, basic geometric shapes and symmetry
• Matching the shape of ceilings and the method of deployment of the load bearing elements within the architectural form considering the force patterns
cost-effective architectural forms Utilize the appropriate geometry (shapes and sizes) to have fully stressed design
participation of structure in fulfillment of the visual needs of the form Match the used geometric patterns to decorate the form with the structural considerations
participation of structure in fulfillment of the functional and semantic requirements of the form Move from the plurality of structural elements into unity in the form, balance and perfectionism by using geometric solutions such as proportions, modulation, symmetry, and the use of proper geometry (shapes and dimensions)
Tab.1  Iranian architecture’s guidelines about the application of geometry based on the parameters on the architectural-structural interaction (ASI)
Tarkin The ribbed dome which is divided at the base into curved segments and follows the curve of the elevation.
Ahang vault A barrel vault which is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve or pair of curves along a given distance.
Chaharbakhsh vault A groined vault (also sometimes known as a double barrel vault or cross vault) which is produced by the intersection at right angles of two-barrel vaults.
the golden ratio In mathematics, two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two quantities.
Gaz A unit in architecture which is about 1.0666 m.
Peymun Modulation in the Islamic architecture.
Sabuee dome The dome with the Chamaneh arch.
muqarnas It is a form of ornamented vaulting in the Islamic architecture, the geometric subdivision of a squinch, or cupola, or corbel, into many miniature squinches, producing a sort of cellular structure, sometimes also called a “honeycomb” vault.
Patkaneh It is a type of muqarnas with self-load bearing feature.
Soltaniyeh building Soltaniyeh building is another name of the Mausoleum of Oljaito which is in Soltaniyeh city in Iran.
Shabestan It is a space that can be usually found in traditional architecture of mosques, houses, and schools in Iran ancient architecture.
squinch It is a construction filling in the upper angles of a square room to form a base to receive an octagonal or spherical dome.
Karbandi It is one of the ornaments in Islamic architecture which can also have structural function and is formed by crossing the arches.
Khagi dome A dome which is in the form of an egg.
Iranian ancient architecture It is defined as a kind of architecture that was designed and built in Iran since the beginning of the 4th century AD, after the emergence and manifestation of wisdom, Islamic philosophy and mysticism.
  
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