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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering

ISSN 2095-2430

ISSN 2095-2449(Online)

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Front. Struct. Civ. Eng.    2019, Vol. 13 Issue (4) : 904-917    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-019-0525-7
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Seismic progressive-failure analysis of tall steel structures under beam-removal scenarios
Behrouz BEHNAM1(), Fahimeh SHOJAEI2, Hamid Reza RONAGH3
1. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 13496, Iran
2. Independent Researcher, Earthquake Engineer, Parand 37611, Iran
3. Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, NSW 2751, Australia
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Abstract

Investigating progressive collapse of tall structures under beam removal scenarios after earthquake is a complex subject because the earthquake damage acts as an initial condition for the subsequent scenario. An investigation is performed here on a 10 story steel moment resisting structure designed to meet the life safety level of performance when different beam removal scenarios after earthquake are considered. To this end, the structure is first subjected to the design earthquake simulated by Tabas earthquake acceleration. The beam removal scenarios are then considered at different locations assuming that both ends connections of the beam to columns are simultaneously detached from the columns; thus the removed beam falls on the underneath floor with an impact. This imposes considerable loads to the structure leading to a progressive collapse in all the scenarios considered. The results also show that the upper stories are much more vulnerable under such scenarios than the lower stories. Hence, more attention shall be paid to the beam-to-column connections of the upper stories during the process of design and construction.
Keywords progressive collapse      tall steel moment-resisting frames      non-linear dynamic analysis      beam-removal scenario      impact     
Corresponding Author(s): Behrouz BEHNAM   
Just Accepted Date: 07 March 2019   Online First Date: 16 April 2019    Issue Date: 10 July 2019
 Cite this article:   
Behrouz BEHNAM,Fahimeh SHOJAEI,Hamid Reza RONAGH. Seismic progressive-failure analysis of tall steel structures under beam-removal scenarios[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2019, 13(4): 904-917.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/10.1007/s11709-019-0525-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/Y2019/V13/I4/904
Fig.1  Transverse impact on flexible bodies [15]. (a) Impact on flexible bodies; (b) an equivalent SDOF system
Fig.2  Impact the beam fallen on the receiving beam
Fig.3  Steps of seismic progressive-failure analysis under beam-removal scenarios
Fig.4  Application of the gravity and seismic loads to the structure in a time domain fashion. (a) Application of the gravity loads to the structure; (b) application of the seismic loads to the structure
Fig.5  Conceptual plastic hinge states
Fig.6  The plan view of the case study (dimensions are in m)
story 1, 2 3, 4, 5 6, 7 8, 9 10
beam B1: 2IPE300
PL A= 250 × 12
PL B= 270 × 10		 B2: 2IPE270
PL A= 220 × 12
PL B= 230 × 10		 B3: 2IPE240
PL A= 200 × 10
PL B= 210 × 10		 B4: 2IPE200
PL A= 150 × 10
PL B= 150 × 10		 B5: 2IPE200
PL A= 150 × 8
PL B= 150 × 8
Tab.1  Cross-sectional information of beams (dimensions are in mm)
story 1 2, 3, 4 5, 6 7, 8 9, 10
column C1: B= 400, t = 20 C2: B= 400, t = 15 C3: B= 350, t = 15 C4: B= 300, t = 15 C5: B= 250, t = 12
Tab.2  Cross-sectional information of columns (dimensions are in mm)
Fig.7  Stress-strain behavior of steel
scenario location
story frame span map sign
1 2 5 B-C 2-5-BC
2 6 5 B-C 6-5-BC
3 9 5 B-C 9-5-BC
4 2 3 B-C 2-3-BC
5 6 3 B-C 6-3-BC
6 9 3 B-C 9-3-BC
7 9 F 4-5 9-F-45
8 9 F 3-4 9-F-34
Tab.3  The beam-removal scenarios
item section type qy performance level acceptance criteria maximum rotation after the earthquake analysis
column section C1 0.0061 IO 0.0122 IO<0.0214<LS
LS 0.0366
CP 0.0488
C2 0.0065 IO 0.0130 IO<0.0228<LS
LS 0.0039
CP 0.0052
C3 0.0085 IO 0.0170 IO<0.0255<LS
LS 0.0510
CP 0.0680
C4 0.0101 IO 0.0202 IO<0.0303<LS
LS 0.0606
CP 0.0808
C5 0.0120 IO 0.0240 0.018<IO
LS 0.0720
CP 0.0960
beam section B1 0.0090 IO 0.0180 IO<0.0401<LS
LS 0.0540
CP 0.0720
B2 0.0103 IO 0.0210 IO<0.0041<LS
LS 0.0620
CP 0.0820
B3 0.0110 IO 0.0220 IO<0.0418<LS
LS 0.0660
CP 0.0880
B4 0.0140 IO 0.0280 IO<0.0420<LS
LS 0.0840
CP 0.1120
B5 0.0150 IO 0.0300 0.0290<IO
LS 0.0900
CP 0.1200
Tab.4  Controlling of the performance criteria after earthquake
Fig.8  The structural response under the Scenario 1 (Frame 5, story 2, span B-C). (a) An overview from the structure just after the collision; (b) the beam is falling; (c) the receiving beam just after the collision
Fig.9  The variation of rotation versus time in left connection of receiving beam under the scenario 1
Fig.10  The structural response under the Scenario 2 (Frame 5, story 6, span B-C). (a) An overview from the structure just after the collision; (b) the variation of rotation versus time in left connection of receiving beam under the Scenario 2
Fig.11  The structural response under the Scenario 3 (Frame 5, story 9, span B-C). (a) An overview from the structure just after the collision; (b) the variation of rotation versus time in left connection of receiving beam under the Scenario 3
Fig.12  The variation of rotation versus time in left connection of receiving beams under the Scenario 4 to 6. (a) Scenario 4; (b) Scenario 5; (c) Scenario 6
Fig.13  The structural response under the Scenario 7 (Frame F, story 9, span 4-5). (a) An overview from the structure just after the collision; (b) the variation of rotation versus time in left connection of receiving beam under the Scenario 7
Fig.14  The structural response under the Scenario 8 (Frame F, story 9, span 3-4). (a) An overview from the structure just after the collision; (b) the variation of rotation versus time in left connection of receiving beam under the Scenario 8
Fig.15  The response of column 5B in the first story under the Scenario 1. (a) Variation of axial force; (b) variation of bending moment
Fig.16  The response of column 5B in the first story under the Scenario 2. (a) Variation of axial force; (b) variation of bending moment
Fig.17  The response of columns under the Scenarios 3 to 6. (a) Variation of axial force in Col. B-8 under Scenarios 3; (b) variations of moment in Col. B-8 under Scenario 3; (c) variation of axial force in Col. C-1 under Scenario 4; (d) variations of moment in Col. C-1 under Scenario 4; (e) variation of axial force in Col. C-5 under Scenario 5; (f) variations of moment in Col. C-5 under Scenario 5; (g) variation of axial force in Col. C-8 under Scenario 6; (h) variations of moment in Col. C-8 under Scenario 6
g ground acceleration
q rotation
? deflection
L member length
?y yield deflection
qy yield rotation
Z plastic section modulus
Fy yield strength
Fye expected yield strength
lb beam length
lc column length
E modulus of elasticity
Ib,c moment of inertia
P axial force
Pye expected axial yield force
Ag cross-section area
DCR demand over capacity ratio
PCL axial compression capacity
PUF axial force in the member
Mx bending moment in the member for the x-axis
My bending moment in the member for the y-axis
MCEx expected bending strength of the column for the x-axis
MCEy expected bending strength of the column for the y-axis
mx value of m for the column bending about the x-axis
my value of m for the column bending about the y-axis
MMUFx bending moment in the member about the x-axis
MMUFy bending moment in the member about the y-axis
MMCLx lower-bound flexural strength of the member about the x-axis
MCLy lower-bound flexural strength of the member about the y-axis
  
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