Development of mix design method based on statistical analysis of different factors for geopolymer concrete

doi:10.1007/s11709-022-0853-x

Front. Struct. Civ. Eng.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (10) : 1315-1335 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-022-0853-x

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Development of mix design method based on statistical analysis of different factors for geopolymer concrete

Paramveer SINGH, Kanish KAPOOR(

)

Department of Civil Engineering, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, India

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Abstract

The present study proposes the mix design method of Fly Ash (FA) based geopolymer concrete using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In this method, different factors, including binder content, alkali/binder ratio, NS/NH ratio (sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide), NH molarity, and water/solids ratio were considered for the mix design of geopolymer concrete. The 2D contour plots were used to setup the mix design method to achieve the target compressive strength. The proposed mix design method of geopolymer concrete is divided into three categories based on curing regime, specifically one ambient curing (25 °C) and two heat curing (60 and 90 °C). The proposed mix design method of geopolymer concrete was validated through experimentation of M30, M50, and M70 concrete mixes at all curing regimes. The observed experimental compressive strength results validate the mix design method by more than 90% of their target strength. Furthermore, the current study concluded that the required compressive strength can be achieved by varying any factor in the mix design. In addition, the factor analysis revealed that the NS/NH ratio significantly affects the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete.

Keywords geopolymer concrete mix design fly ash response surface methodology compressive strength stress−strain

Corresponding Author(s): Kanish KAPOOR

Just Accepted Date: 15 September 2022 Online First Date: 02 December 2022 Issue Date: 29 December 2022

Cite this article:

Paramveer SINGH,Kanish KAPOOR. Development of mix design method based on statistical analysis of different factors for geopolymer concrete[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2022, 16(10): 1315-1335.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/10.1007/s11709-022-0853-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/Y2022/V16/I10/1315

Fig.1 The entire procedure of response surface methodology (RSM) of present study.

Tab.1 Factor ranges used in the study for mix proportioning of geopolymer concrete

Tab.2 Initial summary of different statistical model

Fig.2 Predicted and actual compressive strength in (MPa) of the adopted model

Tab.3 ANOVA test results for input variables for output results

Tab.4 Model performance statistics

Fig.3 The 2D contour plots for 20, 30, and 40 MPa at ambient curing ?25 °C: (a) binder content vs Al/binder ratio; (b) Al/binder ratio vs NH molarity; (c) NH molarity vs NS/NH; (d) NH molarity vs water/solids ratio.

Fig.4 The 2D contour plots for 50, 60, and 70 MPa at ambient curing ?25 °C: (a) binder content vs Al/binder ratio; (b) Al/binder ratio vs NH molarity; (c) NH molarity vs NS/NH; (d) NH molarity vs water/solids ratio.

Fig.5 The 2D contour plots for 20, 30, and 40 MPa at heat curing ?60 °C: (a) binder content vs Al/binder ratio; (b) Al/binder ratio vs NH molarity; (c) NH molarity vs NS/NH; (d) NH molarity vs water/solids ratio.

Fig.6 The 2D contour plots for 50, 60, and 70 MPa at heat curing ?60 °C: (a) binder content vs Al/binder ratio; (b) Al/binder ratio vs NH molarity; (c) NH molarity vs NS/NH; (d) NH molarity vs water/solids ratio.

Fig.7 The 2D contour plots for 20, 30, and 40 MPa at heat curing ?90 °C: (a) binder content vs Al/binder ratio; (b) Al/binder ratio vs NH molarity; (c) NH molarity vs NS/NH; (d) NH molarity vs water/solids ratio.

Fig.8 The 2D contour plots for 50, 60, and 70 MPa at heat curing ?90 °C: (a) binder content vs Al/binder ratio; (b) Al/binder ratio vs NH molarity; (c) NH molarity vs NS/NH; (d) NH molarity vs water/solids ratio.

Tab.5 Chemical properties of FA and GGBS

Tab.6 Physical properties of FA and GGBS

Fig.9 Particle distribution of coarse and fine aggregates used in the study.

Tab.7 Selected factors for mix design of M30 mix

Tab.8 Physical properties of material used in mix design of geopolymer concrete

Tab.9 Mix design input variables selected from different contour graphs

Tab.10 Mix proportioning of geopolymer mixes in kg·m^?3

Fig.10 Measured values of compressive strength at 7 d and 28 d of curing at 25, 60 and 90° C curing for: (a) M30, (b) M50, (c) M70, geopolymer concrete mix.

Fig.11 SEM images showing geopolymer reaction along with GGBS at (a) 7 d and (b) 28 d of ambient curing , formation of geopolymer matrix at (c) 7 d and (d) 28 d of 60° C heat curing, FA reaction (e) 7 d and (f) 28 d of 90° C heat curing

Fig.12 Stress?strain behavior of mix M30: (a) 25 °C, (b) 60 °C, (c) 90 °C; M50: (d) 25 °C, (e) 60 °C, (f) 90 °C; M70: (g) 25 °C, (h) 60 °C, (i) 90 °C at different curing regime.

Fig.13 Relation between experimental and predicted value of compressive strength at 28 d of curing at all curing regime.

Tab.11 Coefficient estimates and standard error of input variables in form of coded factors

Fig.14 Coefficient estimate of input factors based on coded equation of compressive strength. A: binder content, B: GGBS%, C: Al/binder, D: NS/NH, E: NH molarity, F: water/solids, G: temperature.

Fig.15 Variation of input factors with respect to compressive strength for mix design method of geopolymer concrete.

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