A novel tunnel waterproof-drainage system based on double-bonded waterproofing materials and its seepage characteristics

doi:10.1007/s11709-024-1100-4

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (9) : 1321-1336 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-024-1100-4

A novel tunnel waterproof-drainage system based on double-bonded waterproofing materials and its seepage characteristics

Xiaohe SUN¹, Chenghua SHI¹(

), Guoqing XIAO², Yangyang GE³(

), Chengyong CAO⁴

¹. School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
². PowerChina ZhongNan Engineering Corporation Limited, Changsha 410014, China
³. State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials, Beijing Oriental Yuhong Waterproof Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 101111, China
⁴. College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

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Abstract

Double-bonded spray membrane waterproofing materials have excellent waterproofing performance and can improve the load-bearing capacity of tunnel linings, leading to an increasing global application. However, due to the double-bonded capability of spray membrane materials, traditional interlayer drainage methods cannot be applied. This limitation makes it difficult to use them in drainage-type tunnels, significantly restricting their range of applications. In this regard, a novel tunnel waterproof-drainage system based on double-bonded spray membrane materials was proposed in this paper. The proposed drainage system primarily comprises upper drainage sheets and bottom drainage blind pipes, both located in the tunnel circumferential direction, as well as longitudinal drainage pipes within the tunnel. Subsequently, numerical calculation methods are employed to analyze the seepage characteristics of this system, revealing the water pressure distribution around the tunnel. The results indicate that in the novel waterproof-drainage system, the water pressure in the secondary lining exhibits a “mushroom-shaped” distribution in the circumferential direction, while the water pressure in the longitudinal direction exhibits a “wave-like” distribution. Furthermore, comparative results with other waterproof-drainage systems indicate that under typical working conditions with a water head of 160 m and a rock permeability coefficient of 10⁻⁶ m/s, the maximum water pressure in the secondary lining of the novel waterproof-drainage system is 0.6 MPa. This represents a significant reduction compared to fully encapsulated waterproofing and traditional drainage systems, which respectively reduce the water pressure by 65% and 30%. The applicability analysis of the double-bonded waterproofing and drainage system reveals that it can reduce at least 40% of the static water pressure in any groundwater environments. The novel drainage system provides a valuable reference for the application of double-bonded spray membrane waterproofing materials in drainage-type tunnels.

Keywords tunnel drainage spray-applied waterproofing membrane numerical simulation water pressure

Corresponding Author(s): Chenghua SHI,Yangyang GE

Just Accepted Date: 09 July 2024 Online First Date: 12 August 2024 Issue Date: 18 September 2024

Cite this article:

Xiaohe SUN,Chenghua SHI,Guoqing XIAO, et al. A novel tunnel waterproof-drainage system based on double-bonded waterproofing materials and its seepage characteristics[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2024, 18(9): 1321-1336.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/10.1007/s11709-024-1100-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/Y2024/V18/I9/1321

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of waterproofing effect for different lining structures: (a) traditional lining structure; (b) sprayed membrane lining structure.

Fig.2 Exterior bottom drainage scheme for tunnels.

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the new double-bonded waterproof-drainage scheme: (a) overall layout of waterproofing and drainage facilities; (b) sectional view; (c) drainage sheet connection diagram.

Fig.4 Drainage sheet and its location: (a) drainage sheet; (b) schematic diagram of relative location.

Tab.1 Comparison between the new and traditional waterproof-drainage schemes

Fig.5 Working mechanisms of drainage system.

Fig.6 Geometry of a two-lane highway tunnel (unit: cm).

Fig.7 Overall 3D perspective view of the computational model.

Fig.8 Modeled hydraulic boundary settings.

Fig.9 Comparison of drainage systems in conceptual and computational models.

Fig.10 Overall model meshing.

Tab.2 permeability coefficient

Fig.11 Patterns of water pressure distribution in the surrounding rocks (unit: Pa).

Fig.12 Water pressure distribution of the double-bonded waterproof-drainage system: (a) water pressure distribution contour map (unit: Pa); (b) circumferential water pressure distribution (unit: kPa); (c) longitudinal water pressure distribution.

Tab.3 The setting of drainage measures in each waterproofing-drainage scheme

Fig.13 Comparison of water pressure calculation results of different waterproof-drainage systems: (a) water pressure distribution in the surrounding rock of the fully enclosed waterproof system; (b) external water pressure on the secondary lining of the fully enclosed waterproof system; (c) water pressure distribution in the surrounding rock of the traditional drainage system; (d) external water pressure on the secondary lining of the traditional drainage system; (e) water pressure distribution in the surrounding rock of the new double-bonded waterproof-drainage system; (f) external water pressure on the secondary lining of the new double-bonded waterproof-drainage system (unit: Pa).

Fig.14 Comparison of maximum water pressure among different schemes.

Fig.15 Comparison of circumferential water pressure distribution at the cross-section of maximum water pressure for different schemes (unit: MPa).

Fig.16 Maximum water pressure and pressure reduction effect of the secondary lining at different water head heights.

Fig.17 Maximum water pressure and pressure reduction effect of the secondary lining at different permeability coefficients.

Fig.18 Maximum water pressure variation with permeability coefficients in different drainage structures.

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