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Prepulse inhibition deficits in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia: a meta-analysis |
| Yanbing Xiong1#, Xianbin Li1#, Zhen Mao1, Lei Zhao1, Yilang Tang2,3, Chuanyue Wang1* |
1.The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, USA
3. Mental Health Service Line, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur 30033, USA |
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Abstract Objective: Published studies have found prepulse inhibition (PPI) in schizophrenia is impaired, suggesting PPI may be a biomarker of schizophrenia. We aim to examine whether PPI deficits exist in antipsychotic-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia, and evaluate the effect size of PPI deficits between patients and healthy controls. Methods: The effect size of PPI deficits was evaluated for PPI% by calculating standard mean differences (SMDs) between patients with antipsychotic-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia and healthy controls. Results: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, consisting 390 antipsychotic-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia and 406 healthy controls. The effect sizes of 76 dB PPI in 60 ms and 120 ms interstimulus interval (ISI) were -0.19 and -0.41 respectively, and the 76 dB PPI overall effect size was -0.30. The effect sizes of 85/86 dB PPI in 30 ms, 60 ms and 120 ms ISI were -0.25, -0.42 and -0.59 respectively, and the 85/86 dB PPI overall effect size was -0.46. One study were excluded due to heterogeneity in the 85/86 dB, 120 ms ISI group, the pooled effect size of the PPI differences between patient group and health control dropped to -0.42, and the overall effect size changed to -0.39. There were no statistical differences in startle magnitude (overall effect size = -0.18) and habituation% (overall effect size = -0.17) between patients and healthy controls. Conclusions: Antipsychotic-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia patients exhibit robust and reliable deficits in PPI, 85/86 dB PPI deficit was more severe than 76 dB PPI, and 85/86 dB, 60-ms ISI PPI was more likely to be a biomarker for schizophrenia, it suggested that the parameters of PPI are particularly significant to affect the effect size so that should be interpreted with cautions in the future studies.
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| Keywords
prepulse inhibition (PPI)
antipsychotic-naïve
first-episode schizophrenia
patients
meta-analysis
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Issue Date: 01 October 2018
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