|
|
|
Brain insulin resistance and Parkinson’s disease |
| Ge Gao1,2,3, Hui Yang1,2,3* |
1.Department of Neurobiology, Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
2.Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China
3.Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson’s Disease, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Its most prominent pathological features are the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the deposition of intraneuronal inclusions named Lewy bodies. Currently, the pathophysiological mechanisms of PD are not fully understood. Growing evidence suggests that insulin resistance, diabetes and PD share similar pathological processes. This raises the possibility that defective insulin signaling pathways contribute to the occurrence and development of PD. In this article, we firstly reviewed the evidence of insulin resistance from epidemiology, PD patients and animal models. We also explained the insulin signal pathways in central nervous system. We then showed the evidence that insulin resistance participates in the pathogenesis of PD via protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neural inflammation and cognitive impairment. Finally, we introduced four categories of drugs that facilitate insulin signaling and their effects on neurodegeneration in PD.
|
| Keywords
Parkinson’s disease (PD)
diabetes
insulin resistance
α-synuclein (α-syn)
mitochondrial dysfunction
neural inflammation
|
|
Issue Date: 15 December 2018
|
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
