Glioma is the tumor with the highest incidence in the brain, and it is eager to seek new and effective treatment. The interaction of ubiquitination and deubiquitination regulates many cell activities in organisms, and participates in tumor occurrence, development, migration, invasion and other processes. This article summarized the progress of E3 ubiquitination ligase smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2) and glioma-related signaling pathways to assist clinical diagnosis and treatment of glioma.

Glioma is the most common and destructive tumor of primary brain tumor types in the central nervous system. After comprehensive treatment including surgical treatment, radiation therapy and chemical drug treatment, the survival period of the glioma patients is still very short. In recent years, cancer immunotherapy methods have achieved great success in the treatment of solid tumors, but the application in the treatment of gliomas has not been universal yet. This review discussed the immunotherapy and latest progress in glioma study, hoping to bring new ideas for treatment of gliomas.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HuMSCs) have the multi-differentiation potential to differentiate into various types of cells without immune rejection. They are considered to be an ideal source of neural stem cells and also an ideal cell carrier for gene therapy. Because of the invasive growth of brain gliomas, most of them have no obvious boundaries with normal brain tissues. It is difficult to completely remove them by surgery and the remaining cells become the main source of tumor recurrence. In recent years, gene therapy has become a new method for the treatment of gliomas. The vector carrying the target gene is introduced into HuMSCs in a certain way to correct gene defects or play other roles. The differentiation potential of HuMSCs makes it an ideal source of nerve cells to play a greater role in gene therapy of glioma. Therefore, this article reviews the current status and prospects of HuMSCs as cell carriers in the treatment of glioma.

Objective: to investigate the effect of improving prehospital hypotension and hypoxemia on the prognosis of different subgroups of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: medical staff were trained about the prehospital first aid for 2 months to fully master the methods of improving prehospital hypotension and hypoxemia, then the prognosis of TBI patients pre- and post-training for 12 months was collected and recorded. The prognostic differences of different TBI subgroups were discussed through data analysis. Results: after the training, the proportion of prehospital hypotension and hypoxemia in TBI patients decreased by 77% (8.5% vs. 1.9%) and 63% (9.9% vs. 3.6%, P < 0.05), respectively. However, only the prognosis of moderate and severe TBI patients was improved, the proportion of patients with “good prognosis” increased by 14% (61.4% vs. 70.5%, respectively) and 62% (35.6% vs. 58%), and no significant effect showed in mild and critical TBI patients.Conclusion: reducing the incidence of prehospital hypoxemia and hypotension can improve the prognosis of moderate and severe TBI patients, while no significant effect on mild and critical TBI patients.

Objective: to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of ultra-early lumbar puncture drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods: patients (n=140) with aneurysmal SAH were randomly divided into observation group (n=70) and control group (n=70). After admission, CSF was drained by ultra-early lumbar puncture in the observation group and intermittent lumbar puncture after aneurysm operation in the control group. The incidences of early aneurysm rupture, acute hydrocephalus and delayed hydrocephalus were compared between the two groups. Results: there was no significant difference in the incidence of early-ruptured aneurysm and acute hydrocephalus between the two groups, but the incidence of delayed hydrocephalus in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Conclusion: ultra-early lumbar puncture drainage of CSF in aneurysmal SAH can effectively reduce the incidence of long-term delayed hydrocephalus and it is a safe and effective treatment.