Neurosurgeons who perform intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) evacuation procedures have limited options for monitoring hematoma evacuation and intraoperatively assessing residual-hematoma burden. In recent years, neuroendoscope-assisted, minimally invasive surgery for spontaneous ICH is simple and effective and becoming increasingly common. Many methods are applied in neuronavigation-assisted surgery for ICH evacuation, such as neuroendoscopy, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, intraoperative ultrasound, and stereotactic craniotomy. Compared with a traditional craniotomy operation, hematoma removal (using methods of accurate localization) can reduce iatrogenic damage, protect white matter, and shorten patients’ recovery time. This paper mainly outlines the treatment of basal ganglia-cerebral hemorrhage with neuroendoscopy assistance using localization techniques.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder, the etiology and mechanism of which are not yet clear. Studies have shown that folate deficiency can lead to abnormalities in the development of the central nervous system. Patients with autism spectrum disorders develop folate-alpha receptor autoantibodies. Folate-alpha receptor autoantibodies block folate transport, leading to a deficiency of folate in nerve tissues. Folate is effective in treating patients with folate-alpha receptor autoantibodies.

Objective: the positioning of secondary hospitals in the community rehabilitation work system and the status of community medical rehabilitation services for the disabled in Changsha were clarified through investigation and study of the 2019 income of a secondary general hospital in Changsha. Suggestions from various parties were integrated to provide feasible ideas for expanding the role of secondary hospitals in community rehabilitation. Methods: the 2019 income of a secondary general hospital in Changsha was statistically analyzed, a community rehabilitation questionnaire was designed, and a field survey was carried out focusing on 19 issues including rehabilitation service items, rehabilitation facilities and equipment, and the satisfaction of rehabilitation practitioners. Results: in the total hospitalization expenses of a secondary general hospital in Changsha city in 2019, rehabilitation physiotherapy expenses accounted for 7%, and drug treatment expenses accounted for 25%. In addition, in the survey of community rehabilitation service satisfaction for the disabled, the difference between the very dissatisfied and very satisfied groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: taking a secondary general hospital in Changsha city as an example, the treatment methods in secondary general hospitals are still dominated by traditional drug therapy, and the disabled are not satisfied with community rehabilitation services. Therefore, rehabilitation treatment projects to meet the rehabilitation needs of the disabled should be promoted in hospitals.

Objective: cerebral ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning (I/HPC) is an endogenous strategy in which brief periods of sublethal ischemia/hypoxia render neural tissues resistant to subsequent ischemic/hypoxic damage. This phenomenon has been found in the brain, heart, liver, intestine, muscle, kidneys, and lung. However, whether HPC has a protective effect on secondary cerebral ischemic injury or protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) within ischemic patients and animal models is still unclear. Methods: using a hypoxic preconditioned mouse model and a middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model, combined with 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and Western blot, we observed changes in infarction size, density, edema ratio, and changes in PKCδ and membrane translocation within the ischemic cortex of the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice. Results: HPC can attenuate neurological deficits and cerebral ischemic injuries of mice following MCAO, including decreases in infarct size, edema ratio, densities of infarct area, and neuron loss. In addition, HPC inhibits PKCδ membrane translocation in the penumbra of the MCAO-induced ischemic cortex. We found that administration of PKCδ-specific inhibitor dV1-1 mimics the neuroprotective effects of HPC, and nonisoform-specific activation of PKC can partially abolish HPC-induced neuroprotection. Ischemic preconditioning decreased the levels of PKCδ in the serum of patients with cerebral infarction and reduced the cerebral nerve damage caused by ischemia. Conclusion: hypoxic/ischemic preconditioning attenuates PKCδ-mediated injury in patients and mice. These findings enrich our understanding of the signal transduction mechanism underlying cerebral HPC and provide clues to developing medicine against ischemia/ hypoxia-induced cerebral injuries.

Objective: to observe the clinical efficacy of Shenling Baizhu Powder (SLBZP) combined with a subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in treating macular edema (ME) induced by retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods: there were 62 patients (62 eyes) with ME induced by RVO that were selected and divided into two groups in accordance with the random number table. Each group had 31 eyes. Group one, the control group, was treated with a single subconjunctival injection of TA; group two, the observation group, was treated with a single subconjunctival injection of TA (20mg/0.5mL) per eye and one month of SLBZP. To evaluate the clinical efficacy, both groups were checked (3×) with the best corrected-visual acuity (BCVA), center macular thickness (CMT), and intraocular pressure (IOP). The checks were before treatment, one month after injection, and three months after injection. Results: there were 26 eyes (83.87％) in the observation group, and 17 eyes (54.84%) in the control group in which the BCVA was significantly improved. The ME obviously decreased in 27 eyes (87.10%) the observation group and in 19 eyes (61.29%) the control group. The clinical efficacy of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: as one method to treat ME induced by RVO, SLBZP combined with subconjunctival injection of TA is significantly more effective than a single subconjunctival injection of TA.Besides, the SLBZP had less side-effects. Based on the above, this method deserves in-depth research.