Please wait a minute...
Soil Ecology Letters

ISSN 2662-2289

ISSN 2662-2297(Online)

Soil Ecology Letters    2024, Vol. 6 Issue (1) : 230181    https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-023-0181-7
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Influence of different land-use types on selected soil properties related to soil fertility in A Luoi District, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
Khoa Phuc Nguyen1(), Tan Trong Tran1, Huy Dinh Le1, Phuong Thuy Nguyen1, Hien Thao Thi Pham1, Dien Thanh Nguyen2, Ngu Huu Nguyen1
1. University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue 52000, Vietnam
2. School of Biotechnology, Tan Tao University, Tan Duc E, City, Duc Hoa, Long An, 850000, Vietnam
 Download: PDF(1198 KB)   HTML
 Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks
Abstract

● Land use type affects the physicochemical properties of soil.

● The value of OM and TN is high in acacia soils.

● Strong acidity of soil is considered a serious constraint for agriculture.

● Suitable cash crops are acacia, cassava, banana, rice and maize.

Soil fertility is affected by land-use types and land management, which exacerbates soil erosion and various other forms of soil degradation in the mountainous regions of Vietnam. This study was conducted in A Luoi District, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam to identify the effects of land-use types on specific soil physicochemical characteristics related to soil fertility. Soil physicochemical properties, such as organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP), and K+ were significantly affected by land-use type. The results showed that the soils were sandy in rice but clay loam for acacia and cassava. The mean bulk density value of acacia soil was significantly greater than that of other soils. TN were higher in the acacia soils than those in the rice, maize, and banana soils. The OM content was significantly higher in the acacia, cassava, and banana soils than those in the rice and maize soils. The mean of exchangeable K+ in the rice soil was higher compared to those in other soils and was affected by land-use type. The high exchangeable acidity content in the soils was probably due to intensive precipitation. However, both land use type and management did not affect the CEC value. Overall, the inappropriate land use caused the disturbance of soil physicochemical properties, indicating that the conditions of rice and maize soils are becoming worse than acacia soils. Therefore, lowering the intensity of cultivation, adopting incorporated soil fertility management, and applying organic fertilizer should preserve the existing conditions and enhance soil properties.

Keywords Land-use types      soil characteristics      soil fertility      suitable crop      Vietnam     
Corresponding Author(s): Khoa Phuc Nguyen   
Issue Date: 10 December 2023
 Cite this article:   
Khoa Phuc Nguyen,Tan Trong Tran,Huy Dinh Le, et al. Influence of different land-use types on selected soil properties related to soil fertility in A Luoi District, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam[J]. Soil Ecology Letters, 2024, 6(1): 230181.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/sel/EN/10.1007/s42832-023-0181-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/sel/EN/Y2024/V6/I1/230181
Sampling sitesLongitudeLatitude
1107°22′48.7"16°04′36.7"
2107°12′26"16°13′18.5"
3107°11′12.3"16°19′39.7"
4107°13′24.3"16°15′37.8"
5107°22′31"16°05′23,9"
6107°13′23"16°13′12.3"
7107°23′11.1"16°19′36.2"
8107°12′23.2"16°15′30.9"
9107°14′29.1"16°17′45.7"
10107°12′25.8"16°15′5.5"
11107°23′26.1"16°18′41.3"
12107°23′6.8"16°18′52.7"
13107°21′47.1"16°06′44.1"
14107°20′28.4"16°07′43.7"
15107°19′19.8"16°18′54.7"
16107°23′5.1"16°05′17.6"
17107°23′43.5"16°06′4.5"
18107°20′44.5"16°07′39.6"
19107°19′25.2"16°07′27.1"
20107°19′0.2"16°12′30.8"
21107°20′55.7"16°11′47.8"
22107°12′30.3"16°19′35.7"
23107°10′19.6"16°14′33.3"
24107°11′40.3"16°18′34.7"
25107°20′50.6"16°08′58.5"
26107°13′6.9"16°17′28.4"
27107°12′12.5"16°18′58.5"
28107°16′24.7"16°12′18.8"
29107°18′39.3"16°12′15.6"
30107°17′44.4"16°14′58.9"
31107°14′10.6"16°14′39.3"
32107°14′51.4"16°14′18.6"
33107°12′6.7"16°16′10.9"
34107°11′20.4"16°13′43.7"
35107°04′12.3"16°23′10.8"
36107°24′42.7"16°18′21.6"
37107°19′56.4"16°12′48.6"
38107°21′10.1"16°18′33"
39107°12′57.2"16°19′34.2"
40107°11′12.7"16°13′14.4"
41107°13′39.5"16°12′19.8"
42107°19′21.6"16°03′30.1"
43107°13′2.7"16°15′17.5"
44107°11′5.1"16°21′36.5"
45107°13′59.5"16°18′13.2"
46107°12′27"16°15′13.1"
47107°11′56.4"16°17′4.5"
48107°15′33"16°14′10.8"
49107°13′7.5"16°15′1.5"
50107°12′15.6"16°14′9.4"
51107°10′39.3"16°14′44.5"
52107°04′52.3"16°24′7.1"
53107°13′3.5"16°16′46.7"
54107°14′40.9"16°16′3.8"
55107°16′37.9"16°14′45"
56107°13′29"16°17′8.2"
57107°07′9.2"16°22′31.5"
58107°03′28"16°23′30.9"
59107°03′38.8"16°22′5.2"
60107°06′22.4"16°22′11"
61107°05′59.6"16°24′37.1"
62107°19′6.3"16°18′36.2"
63107°14′23.5"16°15′50.2"
64107°14′42.7"16°15′2.2"
65107°11′6.2"16°19′36.5"
66107°13′10.7"16°17′31.6"
67107°16′1.3"16°15′41.5"
68107°11′54.7"16°20′41.7"
69107°12′12.8"16°17′2.1"
70107°10′17.5"16°21′36.6"
71107°16′32.5"16°15′6.8"
72107°10′47.7"16°20′3.4"
73107°11′29"16°13′22"
74107°14′29"16°15′16.6"
75107°14′2.8"16°16′43.2"
Tab.1  Site studying and sampling points in A Luoi District, Thua Thien Hue Province.
Fig.1  Average temperature and precipitation in A Luoi District, Thua Thien Hue Province.
Land useSamples No.Land use definedHistorical land use managementTime (years)Elevation (m)Scale
Acacia215-year-growing cycle croplandMinimum tillage10589?6449
Rice101-year-growing cycle croplandIntensive tillage fertilizer, irrigation20591?7527
Cassava171-year-growing croplandIntensive tillage5588?6101
Maize141-year-growing croplandIntensive tillage2598?6723
Banana173-year-growing croplandIntensive tillage, garden3578?6645
Tab.2  Characteristics of each land use type in A Luoi, Thua Thien Hue Province.
CharacteristicsNumber (household)Rate (%)Scale
EthenicKinh1799
Ta Oi25133
Co Tu59305
Pa Co93487
GenderMale89465
Female105544
Age of head householdUnder 30 years29155
From 30 to 45 years100527
From 45 to 60 years45239
Over 60 years20103
Education levelPrimary school69363
Secondary school58305
High school54287
Bachelor1379
Tab.3  Characteristics of agricultural farmers in A Luoi District, Thua Thien Hue Province.
ItemsBulk densitypH(H2O)pHKClClaySiltSandP2O5K2OOCNH+Al3+CEC
Acacia1.294.94.04033270.050.1921.41.91.05.719
Max1.555.74.45546660.490.7144.92.61.512.025
Min1.034.23.61618100.000.046.70.50.41.713
SD0.120.50.2138200.110.1812.60.70.32.911
CV (%)9105322475110955953305055
Rice1.394.43.92421560.100.2814.91.01.23.221
Max1.575.34.94444750.130.6016.51.82.24.234
Min1.203.83.4174330.010.103.40.50.41.713
SD0.120.60.5813150.030.144.30.40.70.87
CV (%)9131234612660504336572533
Cassava1.435.24.04437190.050.1621.01.51.88.018
Max1.575.64.45153290.280.4945.42.32.812.133
Min1.204.43.61823130.010.054.20.40.82.311
SD0.140.30.29750.080.1211.30.40.63.25
CV (%)106519192680635424334010
Maize1.404.74.22326520.030.2213.41.01.13.118
Max1.575.75.34050790.080.3316.82.22.65.031
Min1.203.83.4182240.000.109.60.80.12.53
SD0.100.50.6613140.030.082.42.40.71.110
CV (%)713142449271003618195623557
Banana1.4104.94.03633310.050.1920.21.41.03.416
Max1.705.34.8550700.330.3337.02.52.16.028
Min1.204.63.61218120.000.0611.10.50.41.211
SD0.150.20.4159200.070.097.50.50.41.36
CV (%)1159402663140473739363836
Average1.384.94.03531340.050.2018.21.41.24.918
Max1.705.75.35553790.490.7145.42.62.812.131
Min1.033.83.4122100.000.043.40.40.11.29
SD0.140.50.41411210.080.1310.00.60.62.910
CV (%)10109393561160655543505954
Tab.4  Selected soil parameters of agricultural soils in A Luoi District, Thua Thien Hue Province.
Fig.2  Pearson correlation between clay and organic carbon content under different land use.
NoLand use typeC:NStocks of carbon (Mg ha?1)
1Acacia (21)11.7631 ± 17A
2Rice (10)14.3014 ± 7B
3Cassava (17)14.4628 ± 17A
4Maize (14)14.7119 ± 3AB
5Banana (17)14.4429 ± 12A
Tab.5  Carbon stocks under different land use types in A Luoi District, Thua Thien Hue Province.
ItemsAcacia (n=151)Rice (n = 87)Maize (n = 62)Cassava (n = 124)Banana (n = 40)
Maximum (Mg ha?1)143551658
Minimum (Mg ha?1)4223615
Average (Mg ha?1)92451239
Standard deviation (Mg ha?1)430.60.72.412
CV (%)4716142129
Tab.6  The yield of crops in A Luoi District, Thua Thien Hue Province.
NoCropsnPercentage (%)AHP weightingRank
Hectare*Household interview
1Acacia15194a33a0.321
2Cassava1241.9b27a0.074
3Rice871.6b19ab0.312
4Maize620.7b13b0.055
5Banana401.9b8b0.193
Tab.7  Cropping system distribution in A Luoi District, Thua Thien Hue Province
1 C.H. Jr, Muraoka, T., Abreu, A.F., Lavorante, 2003. Exchangeable aluminum evaluation in acid soils. Scientia Agrícola60, 543–548.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162003000300020
2 P.T.Q., Anh, T., Gomi, L.H., MacDonald, S., Mizugaki, P., Van Khoa, T., Furuichi, 2014. Linkages among land use, macronutrient levels, and soil erosion in northern Vietnam: A plot-scale study. Geoderma232–234, 352–262.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.05.011
3 N.H., Batjes, 2014. Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world. European Journal of Soil Science65, 10–21.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12114_2
4 W., Bewket, L., Stroosnijder, 2003. Effects of agroecological land use succession on soil properties in Chemoga watershed, Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. Geoderma111, 85–98.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(02)00255-0
5 J., Brockwell, S., Searle, A., Jeavons, M., Waayers, 2005. Nitrogen fixation in Acacias: an untapped resource for sustainable plantations, farm forestry and land reclamation. Aciar Monograph115, 1–132.
6 V. N., Bich, A., Eyles, D., Mendham, L. T., Dong, D., Ratkowsky, K. J., Evans, D. V., Hai, V. H., Thanh, V N, Mohammed, C., Thinh, 2018. Contribution of harvest residues to nutrient cycling in a tropical Acacia mangium willd plantation. Forests9, 1–16.
https://doi.org/10.3390/f9090577
7 B., Bufebo, E., Elias, 2020. Effects of land use/land cover changes on selected soil physical and chemical properties in Shenkolla watershed, south central Ethiopia. Advances in Agriculture2020, 1–8.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5145483
8 R., Burt, 2004. Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual 2004. United States Department of Agriculture.
9 I., Canco, D., Kruja, T., Iancu, 2021. AHP, a reliable method for quality decision making: A case study in business. Sustainability (Basel)13, 13932.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413932
10 F.S., Chapin, 2003. Effects of plant traits on ecosystem and regional processes: A conceptual framework for predicting the consequences of global change. Annals of Botany91, 455–463.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg041
11 G., Clemens, S., Fiedler, N.D., Cong, N., Van Dung, U., Schuler, K., Stahr, 2010. Soil fertility affected by land use history, relief position, and parent material under a tropical climate in NW-Vietnam. Catena81, 87–96.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.01.006
12 R., Cochard, D.T., Ngo, P.O., Waeber, C.A., Kull, 2017. Extent and causes of forest cover changes in Vietnam’s provinces 1993–2013: A review and analysis of official data. Environmental Reviews25, 199–217.
https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2016-0050
13 L., Deng, K., Wang, G., Zhu, Y., Liu, L., Chen, Z., Shangguan, 2018. Changes of soil carbon in five land use stages following 10 years of vegetation succession on the Loess Plateau, China. Catena171, 185–192.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.07.014
14 V. N., De, I., Douglas, J., Mcmorrow, S., Lindley, T. N., Binh, T. T., Van, H. L., Thanh, N., Tho, 2008. Erosion and nutrient loss on sloping land under intense cultivation in Southern Vietnam. Geographical Research46, 4–16.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2007.00487.x
15 T.L., Dong, R., Doyle, C.L., Beadle, R., Corkrey, N.X., Quat, 2014. Impact of short-rotation Acacia hybrid plantations on soil properties of degraded lands in Central Vietnam. Soil Research (Collingwood, Vic.)52, 271–280.
https://doi.org/10.1071/SR13166
16 J; Pieri, C., Dumanski, 2000. Land Quality Indicators (LQI): Monitoring and Evaluation. Land Use, Land Cover and Soil Sciences, II. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS)
17 S., Fekad, K., Jembere, E., Fekadu, D., Wasie, 2020. Land use and land cover dynamics and properties of soils under different land uses in the Tejibara watershed northwest Ethiopia. The Scientific World Journal20, 1479460.
18 G.W., Gee, D., Or, 2002. Particle-size Analysis. In: Dane, J.H., Topp, G.C., editors, Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4. Physical Methods. SSSA Book Ser. 5. SSSA, Madison, WI: 255–293.
19 A.K., Ghosh, 2019. Characterization and classification of alluvium derived soils under different land uses in Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science,67( 3), 360–364.
https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-0228.2019.00039.2
20 K., Giller, 1993. Nitrogen fixation in tropical cropping systems. Field Crops Research34, 230–232.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(93)90012-C
21 T., Gomiero, 2016. Soil degradation, land scarcity and food security: Reviewing a complex challenge. Sustainability (Basel)8, 1–41.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su8030281
22 P.Q., Ha, 2010. Carbon in Vietnamese Soils and Experiences to Improve Carbon Stock in Soil. Workshop on Evaluation and Sustainable Management of Soil Carbon Sequestration in Asian Countries, 28–29
23 F., Haghighi, M., Gorji, M., Shorafa, 2010. A study of the effects of land use changes on soil physical properties and organic matter. Land Degradation & Development21, 496–502.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.999
24 Q. N., Hai, K., Egashira, 2008. Clay mineralogy of various Marginal soils in Vietnam. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University53, 179–186.
https://doi.org/10.5109/10090
25 X. N., Hai, A. P., Hung, 2018. Assessing soil erosion by agricultural and forestry production and proposing solutions to mitigate: A case study in Son la Province, Vietnam. Applied and Environmental Soil Science2018, 1–10.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2397265
26 E.B., Hardiyanto, E.K.S., Nambiar, 2014. Productivity of successive rotations of Acacia mangium plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia: impacts of harvest and inter-rotation site management. New Forests45, 557–575.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-014-9418-8
27 A., Hedlund, E., Witter, M.H., Hoang Fagerström, B.X., An, 2004. Nutrient management and farmers’ concept of soil fertility and fertilisers: A case study in Southern Vietnam. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability2, 180–189.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2004.9684577
28 R., Herzberg, T.G., Pham, M., Kappas, D., Wyss, C.T.M., Tran, 2019. Multi-criteria decision analysis for the land evaluation of potential agricultural land use types in a hilly area of Central Vietnam. Land (Basel)8, 90.
https://doi.org/10.3390/land8060090
29 T.T., Hung, R., Doyle, A., Eyles, C., Mohammed, 2017. Comparison of soil properties under tropical Acacia hybrid plantation and shifting cultivation land use in northern Vietnam. Southern Forests79, 9–18.
https://doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2016.1225185
30 J.D., Jabro, W.B., Stevens, W.M., Iversen, 2020. Comparing two methods for measuring soil bulk density and moisture content. Open Journal of Soil Science10, 233–243.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2020.106012
31 P.A., Jacinthe, R., Lal, 2005. Labile carbon and methane uptake as affected by tillage intensity in a Mollisol. Soil & Tillage Research80, 35–45.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.02.018
32 R.M., Kalita, M., Rahman, B., Borogayary, A.K., Das, A.J., Nath, 2016. Carbon storage potential of Acacia plantation : A viable option for climate change mitigation. International Conference on Climate Change Mitigation and Technologies for Adaptation, (June). Synod College, Shillong,793002, Meghalaya.
33 J.X., Kugbe, 2019. Increase in the use of organic fertilizers as complements to inorganic fertilizers in maintenance of soil fertility and environmental sustainability. World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science4, 1–4.
https://doi.org/10.33552/WJASS.2019.04.000577
34 R., Lal, 2018. Land use and soil management effects on soil organic matter dynamics on Alfisols in Western Nigeria. In: Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle. CRC Press, Boca Raton. pp. 109–126
35 Y., Li, W., Liu, Q., Feng, M., Zhu, L., Yang, J., Zhang, 2022. Effects of land use and land cover change on soil organic carbon storage in the Hexi regions, Northwest China. Journal of Environmental Management312, 114911.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114911
36 J., Liu, B.J., Cade-Menun, J., Yang, Y., Hu, C.W., Liu, J., Tremblay, L.D., Bainard, 2018. Long-term land use affects phosphorus speciation and the composition of phosphorus cycling genes in agricultural soils. Frontiers in Microbiology9, 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01643
37 X., Liu, S.J., Herbert, A.M., Hashemi, X., Zhang, G., Ding, 2006. Effects of agricultural management on soil organic matter and carbon transformation - A review. Plant, Soil and Environment52, 531–543.
https://doi.org/10.17221/3544-PSE
38 Y., Liu, K., Wu, H., Cao, 2022. Land-use change and its driving factors in Henan province from 1995 to 2015. Arabian Journal of Geosciences15, 247.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09509-1
39 E., Molla, K., Getnet, M., Mekonnen, 2022. Land use change and its effect on selected soil properties in the northwest highlands of Ethiopia. Heliyon8, e10157.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10157
40 M., Muche, A., Kokeb, E., Molla, 2015. Assessing the physicochemical properties of soil under different land use types. Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology5, 1–5.
https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000309
41 D., Müller, 2003. Land-use change in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. A Spatial Econometric Model Combining Satellite imagery and village survey data. Dissertation, Georg-August-University of Göttingen
42 L.T., Nanganoa, J.N., Okolle, V., Missi, J.R., Tueche, L.D., Levai, J.N., Njukeng, 2019. Impact of different land-use systems on soil physicochemical properties and macrofauna abundance in the humid tropics of Cameroon. Applied and Environmental Soil Science2019, 1–9.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5701278
43 A.J., Nath, B., Brahma, G.W., Sileshi, A.K., Das, 2018. Impact of land use changes on the storage of soil organic carbon in active and recalcitrant pools in a humid tropical region of India. Science of the Total Environment624, 908–917.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.199
44 D.W., Nelson, L.E., Sommers, 1996. Total carbon and soil organic matter. In: Sparks, D.L. Page, A.L., Helmke, P.A., Loeppert, R.H., Soltanpour, P.N., Tabatabai, M.A., Johnston, C.T., Sumner, M.E. eds. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part.3- Chemical Methods. ASA-SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp. 961–1010
45 A., Novara, J., Rühl, T., La Mantia, L., Gristina, S., La Bella, T., Tuttolomondo, 2015. Litter contribution to soil organic carbon in the processes of agriculture abandon. Solid Earth6, 425–432.
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-425-2015
46 P.M., Sang, D., Lamb, M., Bonner, S., Schmidt, 2013. Carbon sequestration and soil fertility of tropical tree plantations and secondary forest established on degraded land. Plant and Soil362, 187–200.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1281-9
47 Y.G., Selassie, F., Anemut, S., Addisu, 2015. The effects of land use types, management practices and slope classes on selected soil physico-chemical properties in Zikre watershed, North-Western Ethiopia. Environmental Systems Research4, 3.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-015-0027-0
48 A., Sisay Golla, 2019. Soil Acidity and its Management Options in Ethiopia: A Review. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management7, 27–35.
https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v7i11.em01
49 P., Trakooyingcharoen, R.J., Gilkes, K., Sangkhasila, 2012. Effects of land use on some physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of Thai Oxisols. ScienceAsia38, 82–89.
https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2012.38.082
50 G. P, Hung, T. N., Tung, M., Kappas, 2018. Assessment of soil quality indicators under different agricultural land uses and topographic aspects in Central Vietnam. International Soil and Water Conservation Research6, 280–288.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2018.08.001
51 G. P., Tung, M T T., Chau, T. N., Hai, N. T., Ha, B. N., Ngoc, K. N. N., Ha, T. T., Tan, D. L., Huy, N. P. L., Quy, 2022. Land Evaluation for Acacia (Acacia mangium × Acacia auriculiformis) Plantations in the mountainous Region of Central Vietnam. Land (Basel)11, 2184.
https://doi.org/10.3390/land11122184
52 D. T., Vien, 2003. Culture, environment, and farming systems in Vietnam’s Northern Mountain Region. South Asian Studies41, 180–205.
53 Ministry of Industry (VMI) Vietnamese , 2000. Geological Map of Vietnam
54 J., Wang, B., Fu, Y., Qiu, L., Chen, 2001. Soil nutrients in relation to land use and landscape position in the semi-arid small catchment on the loess plateau in China. Journal of Arid Environments48, 537–550.
https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.2000.0763
55 A., Wezel, N., Steinmüller, J.R., Friederichsen, 2002. Slope position effects on soil fertility and crop productivity and implications for soil conservation in upland northwest Vietnam. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment91, 113–126.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00242-0
56 F., Wu, W., Yang, B., Sun, T., Yang, X., Chen, Z., Xu, H., Song, 2022. Soil C, N and P stocks and stoichiometry under different vegetation on the surface of the Leshan Giant Buddha. Soil Ecology Letters4, 69–77.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-020-0061-3
[1] Wei Zhang, Rick Muir, Nicholas Dickinson. Invasive weed disrupts facilitation of nutrient uptake in grass-clover assemblage[J]. Soil Ecology Letters, 2024, 6(1): 230187-.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed