Please wait a minute...
Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering

ISSN 2095-0179

ISSN 2095-0187(Online)

CN 11-5981/TQ

Postal Subscription Code 80-969

2018 Impact Factor: 2.809

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.    2010, Vol. 4 Issue (2) : 163-171    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-009-0235-0
Research articles
A mini review on chemical fixation of CO 2 : Absorption and catalytic conversion into cyclic carbonates
Weili DAI1,Chaktong AU1,Shenglian LUO2,Shuangfeng YIN2,
1.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; 2.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
 Download: PDF(209 KB)  
 Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks
Abstract In this article, we present our research results on chemical fixation of CO2 using organobismuth compounds. We fabricated bismuth biphenoate complex, Zn-Mg-Al composite oxides, and SBA-15 or Al-SBA-15 immobilized hydroxyl ionic liquid for CO2 cycloaddition onto epoxides. The hypervalent bismuth compounds show good ability for association and dissociation with CO2. The bismuth biphenolate complexes are catalytically effective for the cycloaddition reaction. The heterogeneous catalysts, viz. Zn-Mg-Al oxides and SBA-15 or Al-SBA-15 immobilized ionic liquid, are efficient for the synthesis of cyclic carbonate from CO2 and epoxide. It is found that the presence of a trace amount of water can improve the catalytic activity of the immobilized ionic liquid.
Issue Date: 05 June 2010
 Cite this article:   
Chaktong AU,Weili DAI,Shenglian LUO, et al. A mini review on chemical fixation of CO 2 : Absorption and catalytic conversion into cyclic carbonates[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2010, 4(2): 163-171.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-009-0235-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2010/V4/I2/163
Sun J M, Fujita S I, Arai M. Development in the greensynthesis of cyclic carbonate from carbon dioxide using ionic liquids. J Orgaomet Chem, 2005, 690: 3490―3497

doi: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.02.011
Omae I. Aspects of carbon dioxide utilization. Catal Today, 2006, 115: 33―52

doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2006.02.024
Sakakura T, Choi J C, Yasuda H. Transformation of carbon dioxide. Chem Rev, 2007, 107: 2365―2387

doi: 10.1021/cr068357u
Sakakura T, Kohno K. The synthesisof organic carbonates from carbon dioxide. Chem Commun, 2009, 1312―1330

doi: 10.1039/b819997c
Silvestru C. Structural chemistry of bismuth compounds. I. Organobismuth derivatives. Chem Rev, 1999, 99: 3277―3327

doi: 10.1021/cr980083q
Briand G G, Burford N. Bismuthcompounds and preparations with biological or medicinal relevance. Chem Rev, 1999, 99: 2601―2657

doi: 10.1021/cr980425s
Elliott G I, Konopelski J P. Arylation with organolead and organobismuth reagents. Tetrahedron, 2001, 57: 5683―5705

doi: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)00385-4
Suzuki H, Ogawa T, Komatsu N, Matano Y, Murafuji T, Ikegami T. Organobismuth Chemistry. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001
Matano Y, Begum S A, Miyamatsu T, Suzuki H. Synthesis and stereochemical behavior of unsymmetricaltetraarylbismuthonium salts. Organometallics, 1999, 18: 5668―5681

doi: 10.1021/om990597v
Matano Y, Nomura H, Suzuki H, Shiro M, H Nakano. Synthesis,structure, and reactions of (acylimino)triaryl-lambda(5)-bismuthanes:First comparative study of the (acylimino)pnictorane series. J Am Chem Soc, 2001, 123: 10954―10965

doi: 10.1021/ja003623l
Uchiyama Y, Kano N, Kawashima T. Synthesis and structure ofa novel ladder-type organobismuth compound with bismuth-oxygen interactions. Organometallics, 2001, 20: 2440―2442

doi: 10.1021/om010096l
Matano Y, Nomura H, Suzuki H. Synthesis and structuralcomparison of triaryl(sulfonylimino) pnictoranes. Inorg Chem, 2002, 41: 1940―1948

doi: 10.1021/ic0110575
Shimada S, Yamazaki O, Tanaka T, Rao M L N, Suzuki Y, Tanaka M. 5,6,7,12-tetrahydrodibenz[c,f]-[1,5]azabismocines:Highly reactive and recoverable organobismuth reagents for cross-couplingreactions with aryl bromides. Angew ChemInt Ed, 2003, 42: 1845―1848

doi: 10.1002/anie.200250205
Breunig H J, Ghesner I, Ghesner M E, Lork E. Syntheses, structures, and dynamic behavior of chiralracemic organoantimony and-bismuth compounds RR’SbCl, RR’BiCl,and RR’SbM [R=2-(Me2NCH2)C6H4, R’=CH(Me3Si)2, M=H, Li, Na]. Inorg Chem, 2003, 42: 1751―1757

doi: 10.1021/ic026231j
Shimada S, Yamazaki O, Tanaka T, Suzuki Y, Tanaka M. Synthesisand structure of 5,6,7,12-tetrahydrodibenz[c,f]-[1,5]azabismocines. J Organomet Chem, 2004, 689: 3012―3023

doi: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.06.041
Yin S F, Maruyama J, Yamashita T, Shimada S. Efficient fixation of carbon dioxide by hypervalent organobismuthoxide, hydroxide, and alkoxide. Angew ChemInt Ed, 2008, 47: 6590―6593

doi: 10.1002/anie.200802277
Zhang X W, Xia J, Yan H W, Luo S L, Yin S F, Au C T, Wong W Y. Synthesis,structure, and in vitro antiproliferative activity of cyclic hypervalentorganobismuth(III) chlorides and their triphenylgermylpropionate derivatives. J Organomet Chem, 2009,

doi: 10.1016/j.jorganchem. 2009.05.003
Yin S F, Dai W L, Li W S, Zhou X P, Shimada S. Synthesis of novel organobismuthcomplexes bearing a sulfur-bridged biphenolate ligand and their catalyticapplication to CO2 cycloaddition with propyleneepoxide. J Mol Catal (China), 2007, 21: 264―267
Zhang X W, Yin S F, Wu S S, Dai W L, Li W S, Zhou X P. Organobismuth chemistry in the past decade. Prog Chem, 2008, 20: 878―886 (in Chinese)
Zhang X W, Dai W L, Yin S F, Luo S L, Au C T. Cationic organobismuth complexas an effective catalyst for conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates. Front EnvironSci Engin (China), 2009, 3: 32―37

doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0068-y
Yin S F, Dai W L, Luo S L, Wu S S, Zhang X W, Li W S. CN Patent, 101265277, 2008-09-17
Yin S F, Luo S L, Zhang X W, Dai W L. CN Patent, 101264415, 2008-09-17
Yin S F, Shimada S. Synthesisand structure of bismuth compounds bearing a sulfur-bridged bis(phenolato)ligand and their catalytic application to the solvent-free synthesisof propylene carbonate from CO2 and propyleneoxide. Chem Commun, 2009, 1136―1138

doi: 10.1039/b819911f
Palmer D A, Eldik R V. The chemistryof metal carbonato and carbon dioxide complexes.Chem Rev, 1983, 83: 651―731

doi: 10.1021/cr00058a004
Gibson D H. The organometallic chemistry of carbon dioxide. Chem Rev, 1996, 96: 2063―2095

doi: 10.1021/cr940212c
Darensbourg D J, Holtcamp M W. Catalysts for the reactions of epoxides and carbon dioxide. Coord Chem Rev, 1996, 153: 155―174

doi: 10.1016/0010-8545(95)01232-X
Leitner W. The coordination chemistry of carbon dioxide and itsrelevance for catalysis: A critical survey. Coord Chem Rev, 1996, 153: 257―284

doi: 10.1016/0010-8545(95)01226-5
Yamamoto M, Koitabashi M, Kimura H. Effects of chemical changesin electron-reflecting coating of a shadow-mask’s on the lifecharacteristics of the cathode ray tube. Jpn J Appl Phys, 2001, 40: 4691―4695

doi: 10.1143/JJAP.40.4691
Esaka T, Moto-ike K. CO2 absorption and desorption of Bi2O3-La2O3 powders prepared by mechanicalsynthesis. Mater Res Bull, 2004, 39: 1581―1587

doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2004.06.001
Breunig H J, Koenigsmann L, Lork E, Nema M, Philipp N, Silvestru C, Soran A, Varga R A, Wagner R. Hypervalent organobismuth(III) carbonate,chalcogenides and halides with the pendant arm ligands 2-(Me2NCH2)C6H4 and 2,6-(Me2NCH2)2C6H3. Dalton Trans, 2008, 1831―1842

doi: 10.1039/b717127g
Breunig H J, Ebert K H, Schulz R E, Wieber M, Sauer I. Tetramesityldibismuthane,bis(dimesitylbismuth)chalcogenides and bis(dimethylbismuth)chalcogenides. Z Naturforsch B, 1995, 50: 735―744
Huang J W, Shi M. Chemical Fixationof Carbon Dioxide by NaI/PPh3/PhOH. J Org Chem, 2003, 68: 6705―6709

doi: 10.1021/jo0348221
Kim H S, Bae J Y, Lee J S, Kwon O S, Jelliarko P, Lee S D, Lee S H. Phosphine-boundzinc halide complexes for the coupling reaction of ethylene oxideand carbon dioxide. J Catal, 2005, 232: 80―84

doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2005.01.033
Sun J, Wang L, Zhang S J, Li Z X, Zhang X P, Dai W B, Mori R. ZnCl2/phosphonium halide: An efficient Lewis acid/base catalystfor the synthesis of cyclic carbonate. J Mol Catal A, 2006, 256: 295―300

doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.05.004
Kawanami H, Ikushima Y. Chemicalfixation of carbon dioxide to styrene carbonate under supercriticalconditions with DMF in the absence of any additional catalysts. Chem Commun, 2000, 2089―2090

doi: 10.1039/b006682f
Barbarini A, Maggi R, Mazzacani A, Mori G, Sartori G, Sartorio R. Cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides over both homogeneous and silica-supportedguanidine catalysts. Tetrahedron Lett, 2003, 44: 2931―2934

doi: 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00424-6
Jiang J L, Hua R M. EfficientDMF-catalyzed coupling of epoxides with CO2 under solvent-free conditions to afford cyclic carbonates. Synth Commun, 2006, 36: 3141―3148

doi: 10.1080/00397910600908744
Câló V, Nacci A, Monopoli A, Fanizzi A. Cyclic carbonate formation from carbon dioxide and oxiranesin tetrabutylammonium halides as solvents and catalysts. Org Lett, 2002, 4: 2561―2563

doi: 10.1021/ol026189w
Koseva K, Koseva N, Troev K. Calcium chloride as co-catalystof onium halides in the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to oxiranes. J Mol Catal A, 2003, 194: 29―37

doi: 10.1016/S1381-1169(02)00513-7
Peng J J, Deng Y Q. Cycloadditionof carbon dioxide to propylene oxide catalyzed by ionic liquids. New J Chem2001, 25: 639―641

doi: 10.1039/b008923k
He L N, Yasuda H, Sakakura T. New procedure for recyclinghomogeneous catalyst: propylene carbonate synthesis under supercriticalCO2 conditions. Green Chem, 2003, 5: 92―94

doi: 10.1039/b210007j
Kim H S, Kim J J, Kim H, Jang H G. Imidazolium zinc tetrahalide-catalyzed coupling reaction of CO2 and ethylene oxide or propylene oxide. J Catal, 2003, 220: 44―46

doi: 10.1016/S0021-9517(03)00238-0
Kawanami H, Sasaki A, Matsui K, Ikushima Y. A rapid and effective synthesis of propylene carbonateusing a supercritical CO2-ionic liquid system. Chem Commun, 2003, 896―897

doi: 10.1039/b212823c
Paddock R L, Nguyen S T. Chemical CO2 fixation: Cr(III) salen complexesas highly efficient catalysts for the coupling of CO2 and epoxides. J Am Chem Soc, 2001, 123: 11498―11499

doi: 10.1021/ja0164677
Shen Y M, Duan W L, Shi M. Chemical fixation of carbon dioxide catalyzedby binaphthyldiamino Zn, Cu, and Co salen-type complexes. J Org Chem, 2003, 68: 1559―1562

doi: 10.1021/jo020191j
Lu X B, Liang B, Zhang Y J, Tian Y Z, Wang Y M, Bai C X, Wang H, Zhang R. Asymmetric catalysis with CO2: Direct synthesis of optically active propylene carbonatefrom racemic epoxides. J Am Chem Soc, 2004, 126: 3732―3733

doi: 10.1021/ja049734s
Lu X B, Zhang Y J, Liang B, Li X, WangH. Chemical fixation of carbon dioxide to cyclic carbonates underextremely mild conditions with highly active bifunctional catalysts. J Mol Catal A, 2004, 210: 31―34

doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2003.09.010
Lu X B, Zhang Y J, Jin K, Luo L M, Wang H. Highly active electrophile-nucleophilecatalyst system for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides at ambient temperature. JCatal, 2004, 227: 537―541

doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2004.07.018
Darensbourg D J, Fang C C, Rodgers J L. Catalytic coupling of carbondioxide and 2,3-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene in the presenceof a (Salen)(CrCl)-Cl-III derivative. Organometallics, 2004, 23: 924―927

doi: 10.1021/om034278m
Jing H W, Chang T, Jin L L, Wu M, Qiu W Y. Ruthenium salen/phenyltrimethylammoniumtribromide catalyzed coupling reaction of carbon dioxide and epoxides. Catal Commun, 2007, 8: 1630―1634

doi: 10.1016/j.catcom.2006.12.027
Chen S W, Kawthekar R B, Kim G J. Efficient catalytic synthesisof optically active cyclic carbonates via coupling reaction of epoxidesand carbon dioxide. Tetrahedron Lett, 2007, 48: 297―300

doi: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.11.014
Jutz F, Grunwaldt J D, Baiker A. Mn(III)(salen)-catalyzedsynthesis of cyclic organic carbonates from propylene and styreneoxide in "supercritical" CO2. J Mol Catal A, 2008, 279: 94―103

doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2007.10.010
Paddock R L, Hiyama Y, Mckay J M, Nguyen S T. Co(III) porphyrin/DMAP: An efficient catalyst systemfor the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxides. Tetrahedron Lett, 2004, 45: 2023―2026

doi: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.10.101
Srivastava R, Bennur T H, Srinivas D. Factors affecting activationand utilization of carbon dioxide in cyclic carbonates synthesis overCu and Mn peraza macrocyclic complexes. J Mol Catal A, 2005, 226: 199―205

doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2004.10.034
Jin L L, Jing H W, Chang T, Bu X L, Wang L, Liu Z L. Metal porphyrin/ phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide:High efficient catalysts for coupling reaction of CO2 and epoxides. J Mol Catal A, 2007, 261: 262―266

doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.06.011
Li F W, Xia C G, Xu L W, Sun W, Chen G X. A novel and effective Nicomplex catalyst system for the coupling reactions of carbon dioxideand epoxides. Chem Commun, 2003, 2042―2043

doi: 10.1039/b305617a
Jiang J L, Gao F X, Hua R M, Qiu X Q. Re(CO)5Br-catalyzed coupling of epoxides withCO2 affording cyclic carbonates under solvent-freeconditions. J Org Chem, 2005, 70: 381―383

doi: 10.1021/jo0485785
Bu Z W, Qin G, Cao S K. A ruthenium complex exhibiting high catalyticefficiency for the formation of propylene carbonate from carbon dioxide. J Mol Catal A, 2007, 277: 35―39

doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2007.06.007
Bhanage B M, Fujita S I, Ikushima Y, Arai M. Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate and glycols from carbondioxide, epoxides, and methanol using heterogeneous basic metal oxidecatalysts with high activity and selectivity. Appl Catal A, 2001, 219: 259―266

doi: 10.1016/S0926-860X(01)00698-6
Yano T, Matsui H, Koike T, Ishiguro H, Fujihara H, Yoshihara M, Maeshima T. Magnesium oxide-catalysed reaction of carbon dioxidewith an epoxide with retention of stereochemistry. Chem Commum, 1997, 1129―1130
Aresta M, Dibenedetto A, Gianfrate L, Pastore C. Nb(V) compounds as epoxides carboxylation catalysts:the role of the solvent. J Mol Catal A, 2003, 204-205: 245―252

doi: 10.1016/S1381-1169(03)00305-4
Yamaguchi K, Ebitani K, Yoshida T, Yoshida H, Kaneda K. Mg-Almixed oxides as highly active acid-base catalysts for cycloadditionof carbon dioxide to epoxides. J Am ChemSoc, 1999, 121: 4526―4527

doi: 10.1021/ja9902165
Ramin M, Van Vegten N, Grunwaldt J D, Baiker A. Simple preparation routes towards novel Zn-based catalystsfor the solventless synthesis of propylene carbonate using dense carbondioxide. J Mol Catal A, 2006, 258: 165―171

doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.05.041
Yasuda H, He L N, Takahashi T, Sakakura T. Non-halogen catalysts for propylene carbonate synthesisfrom CO2 under supercritical conditions. Appl Catal A, 2006, 298: 177―180

doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2005.09.034
Doskocil E J, Bordawekar S V, Kaye B G, Davis R J. UV-vis spectroscopy of iodine adsorbed on alkali-metal-modifiedzeolite catalysts for addition of carbon dioxide to ethylene oxide. J Phys Chem B, 1999, 103: 6277―6282

doi: 10.1021/jp991091t
Davis R J, Doskocil E J, Bordawekar S. Structure/function relationshipsfor basic zeolite catalysts containing occluded alkali species. Catal Today, 2000, 62: 241―247

doi: 10.1016/S0920-5861(00)00425-9
Tu M, Davis R J. Cycloadditionof CO2 to epoxides over solid base catalysts. J Catal, 2001, 199: 85―91

doi: 10.1006/jcat.2000.3145
Doskocil E J. Ion-exchanged ETS-10 catalysts for the cycloadditionof carbon dioxide to propylene oxide. MicroporousMesoporous Mater, 2004, 76: 177―183

doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2004.08.009
Doskocil E J. Effect of water and alkali modifications on ETS-10 forthe cycloaddition of CO2 to propylene oxide. J Phys Chem B, 2005, 109: 2315―2320

doi: 10.1021/jp048870g
Srivastava R, Srinivas D, Ratnasamy P. CO2 activation and synthesis of cyclic carbonates and alkyl/aryl carbamatesover adenine-modified Ti-SBA-15 solid catalysts. J Catal, 2005, 233: 1―15

doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2005.03.023
Zhang X H, Zhao N, Wei W, Sun Y H. Chemical fixation of carbon dioxide to propylene carbonate over amine-functionalizedsilica catalysts. Catal Today, 2006, 115: 102―106

doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2006.02.028
Baleizâo C, Gigante B, Sabater M J, García H, Corma A. Onthe activity of chiral chromium salen complexes covalently bound tosolid silicates for the enantioselective epoxide ring opening. Appl Catal A, 2002, 228: 279―288

doi: 10.1016/S0926-860X(01)00979-6
Alvaro M, Baleizao C, Das D, Carbonell E, García H. CO2 fixation using recoverable chromium salen catalysts:use of ionic liquids as cosolvent or high-surface-area silicates assupports. J Catal, 2004, 228: 254―258

doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2004.08.022
Ramin M, Jutz F, Grunwaldt J D, Baiker A. Solventless synthesis of propylene carbonate catalysedby chromium-salen complexes: Bridging homogeneous and heterogeneouscatalysis. J Mol Catal A, 2005, 242: 32―39

doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2005.08.004
Xiao L F, Li F W, Peng J J, Xia C G. Immobilized ionic liquid/zinc chloride: Heterogeneous catalyst forsynthesis of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides. J Mol Catal A, 2006, 253: 265―269

doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.03.047
Wang J Q, Kong D L, Chen J Y, Cai F, He L N. Synthesis of cyclic carbonatesfrom epoxides and carbon dioxide over silica-supported quaternaryammonium salts under supercritical conditions. J Mol Catal A, 2006, 249: 143―148

doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.01.008
Wang J Q, Yue X D, Cai F, He L N. Solventless synthesis of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide andepoxides catalyzed by silica-supported ionic liquids under supercriticalconditions. Catal Commun, 2007, 8: 167―172

doi: 10.1016/j.catcom.2006.05.049
Nomura R, Kimura M, Teshima S, Ninagawa A, Matsuda H. Directsynthesis of cyclic carbonates in the presence of organometallic compounds.Catalyses by systems from IVA, VA, and VIA group compounds and Lewisbase. Bull Chem Soc Jpn, 1982, 55: 3200―3203

doi: 10.1246/bcsj.55.3200
Wu S S, Zhang X W, Dai W L, Yin S F, Li W S, Ren Y Q, Au C T. ZnBr2-Ph4PI as highly efficient catalystfor cyclic carbonates synthesis from terminal epoxides and carbondioxide. Appl Catal A, 2008, 341: 106―111

doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2008.02.021
Sankar M, Tarte N H, Manikandan P. Effective catalytic systemof zinc-substituted polyoxometalate for cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides. Appl CatalA, 2004, 276: 217―222

doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2004.08.008
Mori K, Mitani Y, Hara T, Mizugaki T, Ebitani K, Kaneda K. A single-site hydroxyapatite-boundzinc catalyst for highly efficient chemical fixation of carbon dioxidewith epoxides. Chem Commun, 2005, 3331―3333

doi: 10.1039/b502636a
Yin S F, Dai W L, Luo S L, Wu S S, Zhang X W, Li W S. CN Patent, 101265253, 2008-09-17
Zhao Y, Tian J S, Qi X H, Han Z N, Zhuang Y Y, He L N. Quaternary ammonium salt-functionalized chitosan: Aneasily recyclable catalyst for efficient synthesis of cyclic carbonatesfrom epoxides and carbon dioxide. J MolCatal A, 2007, 271: 284―289

doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2007.03.047
Takahashi T, Watahiki T, Kitazume S, Yasuda H, Sakakura T. Synergistichybrid catalyst for cyclic carbonate synthesis: Remarkable accelerationcaused by immobilization of homogeneous catalyst on silica. Chem Commun, 2006, 1664―1666

doi: 10.1039/b517140g
Sakai T, Tsutsumi Y, Ema T. Highly active and robustorganic-inorganic hydrid catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonatesfrom carbon dioxide and epoxides. GreenChem, 2008, 10: 337―341

doi: 10.1039/b718321f
Xie Y, Zhang Z F, Jiang T, He J L, Han B X, Wu T B, Ding K L. CO2 cycloaddition reactions catalyzed by an ionic liquidgrafted onto a highly cross-linked polymer matrix. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2007, 46: 7255―7258

doi: 10.1002/anie.200701467
Zhu A L, Jiang T. Han B X, Zhang J C, Xie Y, Ma X M. Supported choline chloride/urea as a heterogeneous catalystfor chemical fixation of carbon dioxide to cyclic carbonates. Green Chem, 2007, 9: 169―172

doi: 10.1039/b612164k
Udayakumar S, Park S W, Park D W, Choi B S. Immobilization of ionic liquid on hybrid MCM-41 system for the chemicalfixation of carbon dioxide on cyclic carbonate. Catal Commun, 2008, 9: 1563―1570

doi: 10.1016/j.catcom.2008.01.001
Sun J, Zhang S J, Cheng W G, Ren J Y. Hydroxyl-functionalized ionic liquid: a novel efficient catalystfor chemical fixation of CO2 to cyclic carbonate. Tetrahedron Lett, 2008, 49: 3588―3591

doi: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.04.022
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed