|
|
|
Screening of potential aquatic probiotics from the major microflora of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) |
Aparna BALAKRISHNA, T. R. KEERTHI( ) |
| School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam-686560, India |
|
|
|
|
Abstract The fish (Poecilia reticulata) was used as the source for probiotics. 46 bacterial isolates were obtained from the skin, gills, guts and intestines of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata (collected from a government model fish farm in Kottayam, India). Of the above isolated strains, four isolates were selected based on their inhibitory spectrum against five indicator strains, Aeromonas hydrophila 1739, Vibrio cholerae 3906, Flavobacterium 2495, Acinetobacter 1271 and Alcaligenes 1424 (standard cultures collected from Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC) Chandigarh, India). Among the resulting isolates, two were gram-positive cocci, namely MBTU-PB2 and MBTU-PB3 and belong to the genus Staphylococcus. The other two were gram-negative rods, namely MBTU-PB1 and MBTU-PB4, of the genera Enterobacter and Acinetobacter, respectively. The basic probiotic characteristics of these isolates such as the production of bacteriocin like inhibitory substances (BLIS), antibiotic sensitivities and growth profiles were also determined. The above four isolated strains exhibited different antagonisms than the five indicator strains. During incubation, the antibacterial activity gradually increased in the inhibition zone and was influenced by the lag period (λ) and doubling time. The lag periods for most of the four selected strains were shorter than those of the indicator strains and the isolates had different growth rates (μ) than the indicator strains. All four isolates produced BLIS, however, the strains had different BLIS activities against the indicator strains. Treatment of the neutralized cell free supernatants of the selected isolates with proteases eliminated or reduced the BLIS activity, suggesting a proteinaceous nature of the inhibitory compounds. Further, the optimum BLIS activity was observed at neutral pH after 18 h of incubation. The antibiotic sensitivity assay revealed that the isolates were susceptible to routinely used antibiotics, whereas the plasmid profiles showed that the plasmids had no role in the antagonistic properties of the four isolated strains. The results showed that the isolates could be a promising source for biocontrol agents in aquacultures.
|
| Keywords
aquaculture
normal flora
immunomodulatory effect
probiotic
antagonistic principle
bacteriocin like inhibitory substances
|
|
Corresponding Author(s):
KEERTHI T. R.,Email:keerthisureshbabu@gmail.com
|
|
Issue Date: 05 June 2012
|
|
| 1 |
Maeda M, Liao I C. Microbial processes in aquaculture environment and their importance for increasing crustacean production. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly , 1994, 28: 283–288
|
| 2 |
Cannell R J P, Owsianka A M, Walker J M. Results of a large scale screening programme to detect antibacterial activity from fresh water algae. British Phycological Journal , 1988, 23(1): 41–44
doi: 10.1080/00071618800650051
|
| 3 |
Grisez L, Ollevier F. Vibrio (Listonella) Anguillarum Infection in Marine Fish Larviculture. In: Lavens P, Jaspers E, Roelands I, eds. Larvi’91–Fish and Crustacean Larviculture Symposium. European Aquaculture Society, Gent , 1995, 24: 497
|
| 4 |
Hansen G H, Olafsen J A. Bacterial interactions in early life stages of marine cold water fish. Microbial Ecology , 1999, 38(1): 1–26
doi: 10.1007/s002489900158 pmid:10384006
|
| 5 |
Verschuere L, Rombaut G, Sorgeloos P, Verstraete W. Probiotic bacteria as biological control agents in aquaculture. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews , 2000, 64(4): 655–671
doi: 10.1128/MMBR.64.4.655-671.2000 pmid:11104813
|
| 6 |
Schwarz S, Kehrenberg C, Walsh T R. Use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine and food animal production. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents , 2001, 17(6): 431–437
doi: 10.1016/S0924-8579(01)00297-7 pmid:11397611
|
| 7 |
Akinbowale O L, Peng H, Barton M D. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from aquaculture sources in Australia. Journal of Applied Microbiology , 2006, 100(5): 1103–1113
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02812.x pmid:16630011
|
| 8 |
Moriarty D J W. Control of luminous Vibrio species in penaeid aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands) , 1998, 164(1–4): 351–358
doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00199-9
|
| 9 |
Vine N G, Leukes W D, Kaiser H. In vitro growth characteristics of five candidate aquaculture probiotics and two fish pathogens grown in fish intestinal mucus. FEMS Microbiology Letters , 2004, 231(1): 145–152
doi: 10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00954-6 pmid:14769479
|
| 10 |
Fuller R. History and Development of Probiotics. In: Fuller R, ed. Probiotics: The Scientific Basis . London: Chapman and Hall, 1992, 1–8
|
| 11 |
Austin B, Stuckey L F, Robertson P A W, Effendi I, Griffith D R W. A probiotic strain of Vibrio alginolyticus effective in reducing diseases caused by Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio ordalii. Journal of Fish Diseases , 1995, 18(1): 93–96
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb01271.x
|
| 12 |
Moriarty D J W. Diseases Control in Shrimp Aquaculture with Probiotic Bacteria. In: Bell C R, Brylinsky M, Johnson-Green P, eds. Microbial Biosystems: New Frontiers. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Microbial Ecology. Atlantic Canada Society for Microbial Ecology, Halifax, Canada , 1999, 237–243
|
| 13 |
Atlas R M, Bartha E. Microbial Ecology Fundamentals and Application. Menlo Park: Benjamin Cummings Science Publishing , 1997
|
| 14 |
Gould G. Industry perspectives on the use of natural antimicrobials and inhibitors for food applications. Journal of Food Protection , 1996, 59: S82–S86
|
| 15 |
McAuliffe O, Ross R P, Hill C. Lantibiotics: structure, biosynthesis and mode of action. FEMS Microbiology Reviews , 2001, 25(3): 285–308
doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2001.tb00579.x pmid:11348686
|
| 16 |
Tagg J R, Dajani A S, Wannamaker L W. Bacteriocins of gram-positive bacteria. Bacteriological Reviews , 1976, 40(3): 722–756
pmid:791239
|
| 17 |
Riley M A, Wertz J E. Bacteriocins: evolution, ecology, and application. Annual Review of Microbiology , 2002, 56(1): 117–137
doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.161024 pmid:12142491
|
| 18 |
Dopazo C P, Lemos M L, Lodeiros C, Bolinches J, Barja J L, Toranzo A E. Inhibitory activity of antibiotic-producing marine bacteria against fish pathogens. Journal of Applied Bacteriology , 1988, 65(2): 97–101
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1988.tb01497.x pmid:3204073
|
| 19 |
Anne J A, Praseeja R J, Keerthi T R. Evaluation of probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from infant feces and the study of its effect on the enteric fever pathogens— Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A. International Journal of Chemical Science , 2010, 8(5): S376– S387
|
| 20 |
Maniatis T, Fritsch E F, Sambrook J. Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual. New York: Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbour , 1982
|
| 21 |
Trevors J T. Plasmid curing in bacteria. FEMS Microbiology Letters , 1986, 32(3–4): 149–157
doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01189.x
|
| 22 |
Zar J H. Biostatical Analysis. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs , 1984, 2: 718
|
| 23 |
Zwietering M H, Jongenburger I, Rombouts F M, van’t Riet K. Modeling of the bacterial growth curve. Applied and Environmental Microbiology , 1990, 56(6): 1875–1881
pmid:16348228
|
| 24 |
Sugita H, Matsuo N, Shibuya K, Degunchi Y. Production of antibacterial substances by intestinal bacteria isolated from coastal crab and fish species. Journal of Marine Biotechnology , 1996, 4: 220–223
|
| 25 |
Azad I S, Al-Marzouk A. Autochthonous aquaculture probiotics—a critical analysis. Research Journal of BioTechnology , 2008, 3: 171–177
|
| 26 |
Lazado C C, Caipang C M A, Rajan B, Brinchmann M F, Kiron V. Characterization of GP21 and GP12: two potential probiotic bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic Cod. Probiotics & Antimicrobial Proteins , 2010, 2(2): 126–134
doi: 10.1007/s12602-010-9041-8
|
| 27 |
Balcazar J L, de Blas I, Ruiz-Zarzuela I, Vendrell D, Muzquiz J L. Probiotics: a tool for the future of fish and shellfish health management. Journal of Aquaculture in the Tropics , 2004, 19: 239–242
|
| 28 |
Geovanny D G R, Balcázar J L, Ma S. Probiotics as control agents in aquaculture. Journal of Ocean University of China , 2007, 6(1): 76–79 (in Chinese)
doi: 10.1007/s11802-007-0076-8
|
| 29 |
de Vuyst L, Vandamme E J. Bacteriocins of Lactic Acid Bacteria. London: Blackie Academic & Professional , 1994, 91–142
|
| 30 |
Salinas I, Cuesta A, Esteban M A, Meseguer J. Dietary administration of actobacillus delbrüeckiiL and Bacillus subtilis, single or combined, on gilthead seabream cellular innate immune responses. Fish & Shellfish Immunology , 2005, 19(1): 67–77
doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2004.11.007 pmid:15722232
|
| 31 |
Parente E, Ricciardi A. Production, recovery and purification of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology , 1999, 52(5): 628–638
doi: 10.1007/s002530051570 pmid:10570809
|
| 32 |
Duitman E H, Hamoen L W, Rembold M, Venema G, Seitz H, Saenger W, Bernhard F, Reinhardt R, Schmidt M, Ullrich C, Stein T, Leenders F, Vater J. The mycosubtilin synthetase of Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633: a multifunctional hybrid between a peptide synthetase, an amino transferase, and a fatty acid synthase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 1999, 96(23): 13294–13299
doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.23.13294 pmid:10557314
|
| 33 |
Bizani D, Brandelli A. Characterization of a bacteriocin produced by a newly isolated Bacillus sp. Strain 8 A. Journal of Applied Microbiology , 2002, 93(3): 512–519
doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01720.x pmid:12174052
|
| 34 |
Ghanbari M, Rezaei M, Soltani M, Shah-Hosseini G. Production of bacteriocin by a novel Bacillus sp. strain RF 140, an intestinal bacterium of Caspian Frisian Roach (Rutilus frisii kutum). Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research , 2009, 10(3): 267–272
|
| 35 |
Pinchuk I V, Bressollier P, Verneuil B, Fenet B, Sorokulova I B, Mégraud F, Urdaci M C. In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of the probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis 3 is due to secretion of antibiotics. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy , 2001, 45(11): 3156–3161
doi: 10.1128/AAC.45.11.3156-3161.2001 pmid:11600371
|
| 36 |
Messi P, Guerrieri E, Bondi M. Bacteriocin-like substance (BLS) production in Aeromonas hydrophila water isolates. FEMS Microbiology Letters , 2003, 220(1): 121–125
doi: 10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00092-2 pmid:12644237
|
| 37 |
Lee K H, Jun K D, Kim W S, Paik H D. Partial characterization of polyfermenticin SCD, a newly identified bacteriocin of Bacillus polyfermenticus. Letters in Applied Microbiology , 2001, 32(3): 146–151
doi: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2001.00876.x pmid:11264742
|
| 38 |
Patel A K, Deshattiwar M K, Chaudhari B L, Chincholkar S B. Production, purification and chemical characterization of the catecholate siderophore from potent probiotic strains of Bacillus spp. Bioresource Technology , 2009, 100(1): 368–373
doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.05.008 pmid:18585911
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
