Preparation of hydrogels with uniform and gradient chemical structures using dialdehyde cellulose and diamine by aerating ammonia gas

doi:10.1007/s11705-018-1718-7

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2018, Vol. 12

Issue (3) : 383-389 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-018-1718-7

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Preparation of hydrogels with uniform and gradient chemical structures using dialdehyde cellulose and diamine by aerating ammonia gas

Peiwen Liu¹, Carsten Mai², Kai Zhang¹(

)

¹. Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
². Wood Biology and Wood Products, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany

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Abstract

Hydrogels with precisely designed structures represent promising materials with a broad application spectrum, such as for sensor, tissue engineering and biomimetic technology. However, with highly reactive compounds, the preparation of hydrogels still needs an efficient approach for desired distribution of each component within hydrogels. In addition, a method for in situ preparation of gradient hydrogels is still lacking. Herein, we report the formation of hydrogels with either uniform or gradient internal structures via a novel, simple but very efficient method by aerating ammonia gas (NH₃ gas) into the solution of dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) and a diamine. As-prepared hydrogels exhibited uniform microscopic and chemical structure or gradient distribution of functional groups. Due to lots of aldehyde groups on DAC chains, functional hydrogels can be prepared by using diverse diamines. For instance, hydrogels prepared by using 1,6-hexanediamine as a cross-linker were responsive to pH values. Moreover, this controllable process of aerating NH₃ gas allows the in situ formation of gradient hydrogels; for instance, by using cyanamide as a reaction counterpart, gradient hydrogels with gradient distributions of cyanide groups were prepared.

Keywords hydrogel uniform gradient dialdehyde cellulose ammonia gas diamine

Corresponding Author(s): Kai Zhang

Just Accepted Date: 02 March 2018 Online First Date: 07 June 2018 Issue Date: 18 September 2018

Cite this article:

Peiwen Liu,Carsten Mai,Kai Zhang. Preparation of hydrogels with uniform and gradient chemical structures using dialdehyde cellulose and diamine by aerating ammonia gas[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2018, 12(3): 383-389.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-018-1718-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2018/V12/I3/383

Tab.1 Conditions used for the periodate oxidation and the resulted DO

Fig.1 Schematic representation for (a) the preparation of hydrogels by aerating NH₃ gas into aqueous solution of DAC/diamine and representative optical images showing the gelation process; (b) the Schiff base reaction; and (c) the mechanism for the formation of hydrogel

Fig.2 (a) Hydrogels were formed by adding an aqueous NaOH solution into the solution of DAC and HMDA?2HCl. (a1) optical images of hydrogels, (a2) fluorescence microscopic image of hydrogel/NaOH, and (a3) microscopy images of freeze-dried hydrogels. (b) Hydrogels were formed by aerating NH₃ gas into the solution of DAC and HMDA?2HCl. (b4) Optical images of hydrogels, (b5) fluorescence microscopic image of hydrogel/NH₃, and (b6) microscopy images of freeze-dried hydrogels

Fig.3 Stimuli-responsive hydrogels from DAC and HMDA?2HCl. (a) Schematic and optical images showing the switchable process between hydrogel and solution by aerating NH₃ gas and HCl gas, respectively; (b) schematic illustration for the switching of pH-responsive hydrogels during the introduction of NH₃ and HCl gas; (c) schematic illustration for the switching mechanism during each process

Fig.4 Preparation of gradient hydrogels. (a) Schematic representation for the preparation of the gradient hydrogels, (b) optical image of gradient hydrogel, and (c) FTIR spectra of the dried hydrogels from different areas as shown in (b)

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