Assessment of toxicity of two nitroaromatic compounds in the freshwater fish <italic>Cyprinus carpio

doi:10.1007/s11783-012-0427-6

Front Envir Sci Eng

2012, Vol. 6

Issue (4) : 518-523 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-012-0427-6

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Assessment of toxicity of two nitroaromatic compounds in the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio

Hongyan SHEN^1,2(

), Jixi GAO^1,3, Jinsheng WANG¹

1. College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; 2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; 3. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, SEPA, Nanjing 210042, China

Download: PDF(126 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicological response of p-nitrotoluene and p-nitroaniline to the key fish species, Cyprinus carpio. A freshwater fish bioassay based on the 96 h LC₅₀ was used to estimate the single and joint toxicity of the two chemicals. The toxicity of p-nitrotoluene was greater than that of p-nitroaniline based on 96 h LC₅₀ values of 40.74 mg·L^-1 and 48.99 mg·L^-1, respectively. Both compounds had moderate toxicity toward Cyprinus carpio, and this toxicity increased with the exposure duration and concentration. Binary mixtures of the compounds were more toxic than the individual compounds at 96 h, and they acted upon partial addition. When the exposure time was longer, the toxicity increased for mixtures of compounds with the same concentration or toxicity. The results of this study suggest that exposure to a combination of these chemicals would result in a higher environmental risk in aquatic systems than exposure to either compound alone. Further research is needed to investigate the combined effects and sublethal toxicity of p-nitrotoluene and p-nitroaniline, since they are both still used in China.

Keywords joint toxicity Cyprinus carpio LC₅₀ p-nitrotoluene p-nitroaniline toxic unit

Corresponding Author(s): SHEN Hongyan,Email:shy0405@sina.com

Issue Date: 01 August 2012

Cite this article:

Hongyan SHEN,Jixi GAO,Jinsheng WANG. Assessment of toxicity of two nitroaromatic compounds in the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 2012, 6(4): 518-523.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-012-0427-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2012/V6/I4/518

Tab.1 Criteria in Annex VI to the European Community legislation on classification and labelling (Directive 67/548/EEC)

Tab.2 Joint toxicity of -nitroaniline and -nitrotoluene in equiconcentration ratio and equitoxic ratio against

Tab.3 Action of mixture toxicity of nitroaniline and nitrotoluene against

Fig.1 Diagram of combined effects of two binary mixtures on

1	Ebrahimzadeh H, Yamin Y, Kamarei F. Optimization of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography for the analysis of nitroaromatic compounds in water. Talanta , 2009, 79(5): 1472-1477 doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.06.022
2	Preiss A, Bauer A, Berstermann H M, Gerling S, Haas R, Joos A, Lehmann A, Schmalz L, Steinbach K. Advanced high-performance liquid chromatography method for highly polar nitroaromatic compounds in ground water samples from ammunition waste sites. Journal of Chromatography A , 2009, 1216(25): 4968-4975 doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.055
3	J¨onsson S, Gustavsson L, Van Bavel B. Analysis of nitroaromatic compounds in complex samples using solid-phase microextraction and isotope dilution quantification gas chromatography–electron-capture negative ionisation mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A , 2007, 1164(1-2): 65-73 doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.023
4	Yen J H, Lin K H, Wang Y S. Acute lethal toxicity of environmental pollutants to aquatic organisms. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety , 2002, 52(2): 113-116 doi: 10.1006/eesa.2002.2167
5	Nipper M, Scott Carr R, Biedenbach J M, Hooten R L, Miller K. Fate and effects of picric acid and 2,6-DNT in marine environments: Toxicity of degradation products. Marine Pollution Bulletin , 2005, 50(11): 1205-1217 doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.04.019
6	Sims J G, Steevens J A. The role of metabolism in the toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and its degradation products to the aquatic amphipod Hyalella azteca. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety , 2008, 70(1): 38-46 doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.08.019
7	Yan X F, Xiao H M, Gong X D, Ju X H. Quantitative structure–activity relationships of nitroaromatics toxicity to the algae (Scenedesmus obliguus). Chemosphere , 2005, 59(4): 467-471 doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.085
8	Casalegno M, Sello G. Quantitative aquatic toxicity prediction: using group contribution and classification methods on polar and non-polar narcotics. Journal of Molecular Structure , 2005, 727(1-3): 71-80 doi: 10.1016/j.theochem.2005.02.035
9	Xia B B, Liu K P, Gong Z G, Zheng B, Zhang X Y, Fan B T. Rapid toxicity prediction of organic chemicals to Chlorella vulgaris using quantitative structure–activity relationships methods. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety , 2008, 72(3): 787-794 doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.09.002
10	Bellifa K, Mekelleche S M. QSAR study of the toxicity of nitrobenzenes to Tetrahymena pyriformis using quantum chemical descriptors. Arabian Journal of Chemistry , 2012, in press, available online doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.04.031
11	Roy K, Ghosh G. QSTR with extended topochemical atom (ETA) indices. 12. QSAR for the toxicity of diverse aromatic compounds to Tetrahymena pyriformis using chemometric tools. Chemosphere , 2009, 77(7): 999-1009 doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.072
12	Neuwoehner J, Junghans M, Koller M, Escher B I. QSAR analysis and specific endpoints for classifying the physiological modes of action of biocides in synchronous green algae. Aquatic Toxicology , 2008, 90(1): 8-18 doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.07.010
13	Lang P Z, Ma X F, Lu G H, Wang Y, Bian Y. QSAR for the acute toxicity of nitroaromatics to the carp (Cyprinus carpio). Chemosphere , 1996, 32(8): 1547-1552
14	Xu M , Zhang A Q, Han S K, Wang L S. Studies of 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationships on a set of nitroaromatic compounds: CoMFA, advanced CoMFA and CoMSIA. Chemosphere , 2002, 48(7): 707-715 doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00165-0 pmid:12201201
15	Hall L H, Maynard E L, Kier L B. QSAR investigation of benzene toxicity to fathead minnow using molecular connectivity. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , 1989, 8(9): 783-788 doi: 10.1002/etc.5620080905
16	Guerra R. Ecotoxicological and chemical evaluation of phenolic compounds in industrial effluents. Chemosphere , 2001, 44(8): 1737-1747 doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00562-2 pmid:11534905
17	Thomulka K W, Lange J H. Mixture toxicity of nitrobenzene and trinitrobenzene using the marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi as the test organism. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety , 1997, 36(2): 189-195 doi: 10.1006/eesa.1996.1499 pmid:9126438
18	Shen H Y, Yang J L, Li M, Wang F, Wang Z C. Evaluation of the joint aquatic toxicity of PNCB, MDNB and CDNB acting on brocarded carp (Cyprinus carpio). In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering 2008 , Shanghai. Piscataway: IEEE Computer Society, 2008, 4578-4582
19	Hodges G, Roberts D W, Marshall S J, Dearden J C. Defining the toxic mode of action of ester sulphonates using the joint toxicity of mixtures. Chemosphere , 2006, 64(1): 17-25 doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.021 pmid:16457872
20	Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Guildelines for the Testing of Chemicals. Guideline 203: Fish, Acute Toxicity Test . Paris: The Charlesworth Group, 1992, 1-9
21	State Environmental Protection Administration of China. The Technical Specification for Environmental Monitoring (Vol. 4), Biological Monitoring (Part of Water Environment) . Beijing: Chinese Environmental Science Press, 1986, 95 (in Chinese)
22	Hertzberg R C, MacDonell M M. Synergy and other ineffective mixture risk definitions. The Science of the Total Environment , 2002, 288(1-2): 31-42 doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01113-5 pmid:12013546
23	Yang Y B, Liu Z T, Zheng M H, Yang X, Fang Z, Wang W H. Study on the effects of joint acute toxicities of Halophenols in Zebrafish. Research of Environmental Science , 2007, 20(2): 5-8 (in Chinese)
24	Carlsson C, Johansson A K, Alvan G, Bergman K, Kühler T. Are pharmaceuticals potent environmental pollutants? The Science of the Total Environment , 2006, 364(1-3): 67-87 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.06.035 pmid:16257037
25	Zhang D L, Du Q C, Peng L , Yan Q Y, Liu Y D, Hu C X. On ecotoxicology of nitryl aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in water ecosystem. Journal of Northwest Normal University (Natural Science) , 2007, 43(5): 98-101 (in Chinese)
26	Lange J H, Thomulka K W. Use of the vibrio harveyi toxicity test for evaluating mixture interactions of nitrobenzene and dinitrobenzene. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety , 1997, 38(1): 2-12 doi: 10.1006/eesa.1997.1546 pmid:9352209
27	Dong Y Y, Feng X, Lei B L. Applying the equiconcentration ratio mixing method to study joint toxicity effects of phenol, nitrobenzene and m-nitroaniline on Photobacte rium phosphoreum. Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control , 2005, 6(12): 65-68 (in Chinese)

[1]	Tao Liu, Yudong Song, Zhiqiang Shen, Yuexi Zhou. Inhibition character of crotonaldehyde manufacture wastewater on biological acidification[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(6): 119-.
[2]	Baohua TANG, Lingyan ZHU, Qixing ZHOU. Joint effects of Penta-BDE and heavy metals on Daphnia magna survival, its antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng Chin, 2011, 5(1): 99-110.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed