Comparisons in subcellular and biochemical behaviors of cadmium between low-Cd and high-Cd accumulation cultivars of pakchoi (<italic>Brassica chinensis</italic> L.)

doi:10.1007/s11783-013-0582-4

Front Envir Sci Eng

2014, Vol. 8

Issue (2) : 226-238 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-013-0582-4

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Comparisons in subcellular and biochemical behaviors of cadmium between low-Cd and high-Cd accumulation cultivars of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)

Meng XUE, Yihui ZHOU, Zhongyi YANG(

), Biyun LIN, Jiangang YUAN, Shanshan WU

State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China

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Abstract

Subcellular distributions and chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) in the leaves, stems and roots were investigated in low-Cd accumulation cultivars and high-Cd accumulation cultivars of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.). Root cell wall played a key role in limiting soil Cd from entering the protoplast, especially in the low-Cd cultivars. The high-Cd cultivars had significantly higher leaf and stem Cd concentrations than the low-Cd cultivars in cell wall fraction, chloroplast/trophoplast fraction, organelle fraction and soluble fraction. In low-Cd cultivars, which were more sensitive and thus had greater physiological needs of Cd detoxification than high-Cd cultivars, leaf vacuole sequestrated higher proportions of Cd. Cd in the form of pectate/protein complexes (extracted by 1 mol·L^-1 NaCl) played a decisive role in Cd translocation from root to shoot, which might be one of the mechanisms that led to the differences in shoot Cd accumulation between the two types of cultivars. Furthermore, the formation of Cd-phosphate complexes (extracted by 2% HAc) was also involved in Cd detoxification within the roots of pakchoi under high Cd stress, suggesting that the mechanisms of Cd detoxification might be different between low- and high-Cd cultivars.

Keywords cadmium (Cd) low-Cd cultivar pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) subcellular distribution chemical forms

Corresponding Author(s): YANG Zhongyi,Email:adsyzy@mail.sysu.edu.cn

Issue Date: 01 April 2014

Cite this article:

Meng XUE,Yihui ZHOU,Zhongyi YANG, et al. Comparisons in subcellular and biochemical behaviors of cadmium between low-Cd and high-Cd accumulation cultivars of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 2014, 8(2): 226-238.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-013-0582-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2014/V8/I2/226

Fig.1 Cd concentrations in leaf, stem and root of the tested cultivars in the two experiments: (a) pot experiment; (b) hydroponic experiment. Cd levels in CK (Control soil), M (Middle Cd level soil) and H (High Cd level soil) were 0.165, 0.727 and 1.26 mg·kg respectively. Values with the same letter within the same treatment are not significantly different at the 5% level according to the LSD test

Tab.1 Cd translocation factors (TFs) of the tested cultivars

Tab.2 Cd bioaccumulation factors (BFs) of the tested cultivars

Fig.2 Cd concentrations in different subcellular fractions of leaf, stem and root grown under three Cd levels in the pot experiment. Cd levels in CK (CK-soil), M (M-soil) and H (H-soil) were 0.165, 0.727 and 1.26 mg·kg respectively. (a) F1: cell wall fraction; (b) F2: chloroplast/trophoplast fraction; (c) F3: organelle fraction; (d) F4: soluble fraction. Different letters indicate significant difference at <0.05 level among cultivars within the same treatment

Tab.3 Proportion of Cd (%) in each subcellular fraction to the total Cd amount in different tissues

Fig.3 Concentrations of Cd in different chemical forms under three Cd levels in the hydroponic experiment. F, F, F, F and Frepresent the fractions extracted by 80% ethanol, deionized water, 1 mol·LNaCl, 2% HAc and 0.6 mol·LHCl; F represents the residual fraction. Different letters indicate significant difference at <0.05 level among cultivars within the same treatment. (a) leaf-F; (b) stem-F; (c) root-F; (d) leaf-F; (e) stem-F; (f) root-F; (g) leaf-F; (h) stem-F; (i) root- F; (j) leaf-F; (k) stem-F; (l) root-F; (m) leaf-F; (n) stem-F; (o) root-F; (p) leaf-F; (q) stem-F; (r) root-F

Tab.4 Proportion (%) of Cd in different chemical forms in different tissues

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