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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

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Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2015, Vol. 9 Issue (4) : 675-684    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-014-0731-4
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Mass concentrations and temporal profiles of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 near major urban roads in Beijing
Liu YANG1,2,Ye WU1,3,*(),Jiaqi LI1,Shaojie SONG4,Xuan ZHENG1,Jiming HAO1,3
1. School of Environment, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2. Division of Environment and Resources Research, Transport Planning and Research Institute, Beijing 100028, China
3. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
4. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Abstract

Mass concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 were measured near major roads in Beijing during six periods: summer and winter of 2001, winter of 2007, and periods before, during and after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Since the control efforts for motor vehicles helped offset the increase of emissions from the rapid growth of vehicles, the averaged PM2.5 concentrations at roadsides during the sampling period between 2001 and 2008 fluctuated over a relatively small range. With the implementation of temporary traffic control measures during the Olympics, a clear “V” shaped curve showing the concentrations of particulate matter and other gaseous air pollutants at roadsides over time was identified. The average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, CO and NO decreased by 31.2%, 46.3%, 32.3% and 35.4%, respectively, from June to August; this was followed by a rebound of all air pollutants in December 2008. Daily PM10 concentrations near major roads exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (Grade II) for 61.2% of the days in the non-Olympic periods, while only for 12.5% during the Olympics. The mean ratio of PM2.5/PM10 near major roads remained relatively stable at 0.55 (±0.108) on non-Olympic days. The ratio decreased to 0.48 (±0.099) during the Olympics due to a greater decline in fine particles than in coarse-mode PM. The ratios PM1/PM2.5 fluctuated over a wide range and were statistically different from each other during the sampling periods. The average ratios of PM1/PM2.5 on non-Olympic days were 0.71.
Keywords particulate matter      traffic      control measure      Beijing Olympic Games     
Corresponding Author(s): Ye WU   
Online First Date: 12 June 2014    Issue Date: 25 June 2015
 Cite this article:   
Liu YANG,Ye WU,Jiaqi LI, et al. Mass concentrations and temporal profiles of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 near major urban roads in Beijing[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2015, 9(4): 675-684.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-014-0731-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2015/V9/I4/675
instrument PM10 PM2.5 PM1
Ratioa R2b nc Ratio R2 n Ratio R2 n
DustTrak 2/1 1.008 0.995 18 1.001 0.997 24 0.942 0.999 24
DustTrak 3/1 1.014 0.999 12 1.020 0.995 24 1.071 0.999 24
Tab.1  Results of parallel measurements for the DustTrak units at the same site
Fig.1  Hourly traffic flow on weekdays before, during and after the Beijing Olympic Games at the North 4th Ring Road site
Sept. 2001 Nov. 2001 Jun. 2008 Aug. 2008 Dec. 2008
PM10 mean 2.22 1.47 N/Aa N/A 2.47
R2 0.87 0.75 N/A N/A 0.74
n 40 43 N/A N/A 41
uncertainty 44% 47% N/A N/A 31%
PM2.5 mean 3.22 3.73 3.93 4.36 3.71
R2 0.89 0.93 0.84 0.87 0.92
n 29 48 63 174 94
uncertainty 40% 21% 49% 55% 78%
PM1 mean N/A N/A 2.98 2.82 6.00
R2 N/A N/A 0.83 0.85 0.88
n N/A N/A 12 81 36
uncertainty N/A N/A 25% 51% 40%
Tab.2  Ratios between DustTrak and TEOM measurements at roadside sites
Fig.2  Hourly averaged mass concentrations of (a) PM10, (b) PM2.5 and (c) PM1 at roadside stations, originally generated by DustTrak, and recalibrated by TEOM
Fig.3  Hourly averaged concentrations of air pollutants at the roadside site before, during and after the Beijing Olympic Games (error bars show 1 standard deviation)
Fig.4  Distribution of normalized concentrations of CO (a, b and c), NO (d, e and f) and PM2.5 (g, h and i) at nighttime before, during and after the Beijing Olympic Games
Fig.5  Diurnal variation patterns of normalized concentrations of CO (a, b and c), NO (d, e and f) and PM2.5 (g, h and i) in the daytime before, during and after the Beijing Olympic Games
sampling time PM2.5/PM10 PM1/PM2.5
Sept. 2001 Nov. 2001 Jun. 2008 Aug. 2008 Dec. 2008 Sept. 2001 Nov. 2001 Jun. 2008 Aug. 2008 Dec. 2008
mean 0.597 0.338 0.593 0.480 0.513 0.700 0.781 0.843 1.013b 0.509
σa 0.066 0.044 0.081 0.099 0.120 0.080 0.079 0.138 0.075 0.064
n 85 101 146 394 230 85 101 227 159 178
significant difference test by t-test (95% confidence)c
Sept. 2001 T F T F T T T T
Nov. 2001 T T T T T T
Jun. 2008 T F T T
Aug. 2008 T T
Tab.3  Ratios of PM2.5/PM10 and PM1/PM2.5 at roadside sites
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