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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

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Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2016, Vol. 10 Issue (5) : 8    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-016-0850-1
RESEARCH ARTICLE
On secondary new particle formation in China
Markku Kulmala1,*(),Tuukka Petäjä1,2,Veli-Matti Kerminen1,Joni Kujansuu1,Taina Ruuskanen1,Aijun Ding2,3,Wei Nie1,2,3,Min Hu4,Zhibin Wang4,5,Zhijun Wu4,Lin Wang6,Douglas R. Worsnop1,7
1. University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland
2. Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences (JirLATEST) Nanjing University and University of Helsinki, Nanjing 210093, China
3. Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
4. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
5. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, Mainz, DE 55128, Germany
6. Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
7. Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
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Abstract

Formation of new atmospheric aerosol particles is a global phenomenon that has been observed to take place in even heavily-polluted environments. In China, new particle production has been observed at very high pollution levels (condensation sink about 0.1s−1) in several megacities.

A holistic scientific understanding on the atmospheric phenomena associated with air quality as a whole, as well as on the connection between air quality and climate, is lacking at the moment.With a network of observation stations, we will be able to understand the interactions and feedbacks associated with the urban pollution mixture, and ultimately, are ready to make targeted strategies for the pollution control.

This paper summaries the recent advances in studying secondary new aerosol formation in China and shows how increased process-level understanding will help us to understand air quality-climate-weather interactions and how the feedbacks and interactions affect the air quality in highly-polluted environments such as those frequently encountered in Chinese megacities.

Formation of new atmospheric aerosol particles is a global phenomenon that has been observed to take place in even heavily-polluted environments. However, in all environments there appears to be a threshold value of the condensation sink (due to pre-existing aerosol particles) after which the formation rate of 3 nm particles is no longer detected. In China, new particle production has been observed at very high pollution levels (condensation sink about 0.1 s−1) in several megacities, including Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing as well as in Pearl River Delta (PRD). Here we summarize the recent findings obtained from these studies and discuss the various implications these findings will have on future research and policy.
Keywords Aerosol particles      Heavily-polluted environments      Condensation sink      New particle production      Megacities     
Corresponding Author(s): Markku Kulmala   
Issue Date: 30 May 2016
 Cite this article:   
Markku Kulmala,Tuukka Petäjä,Veli-Matti Kerminen, et al. On secondary new particle formation in China[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2016, 10(5): 8.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-016-0850-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2016/V10/I5/8
Fig.1  A typical nucleation event measured using Air Ion Spectrometer (AIS) at the SORPES station, Nanjing, in China. The background cluster ions are seen in both negative and positive ion modes in the sub-2 nm size range. Negative ion clusters are smaller than positive ones. The new particle formation is seen in both polarities starting at around 8.30 am. Here J6 is 1.8 cm−3·s−1 and GR (6-30 nm) is 6.6 nm·h−1.
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