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Frontiers of Medicine

ISSN 2095-0217

ISSN 2095-0225(Online)

CN 11-5983/R

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Front. Med.    2014, Vol. 8 Issue (2) : 236-240    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-014-0322-6
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Gynecologic infections seen in ThinPrep cytological test in Wuhan, China
Hang Zhou1,2,Yao Jia1,Jian Shen3,Shaoshuai Wang1,Xiong Li1,Ru Yang1,Kecheng Huang1,Ting Hu1,Fangxu Tang1,Jin Zhou1,Jingping Yuan3,Lei Huang3,Xun Tian3,Zhilan Chen1,Qinghua Zhang1,3,Changyu Wang1,Ling Xi1,Dongrui Deng1,Hui Wang1,Ding Ma1,Shuang Li1,*()
1. Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
3. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430014, China
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Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of bacterial, Candida, Trichomonas, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in ThinPrep cytological test (TCT) performed on women of Wuhan, China. ThinPrep smears were screened by two independent experienced pathologists and reported from 2008 to 2010. A total of 46 866 ThinPrep smears were studied, and smears with inflammation were analyzed. Of the 44 162 enrolled patients, inflammation changes were observed in 21 935 (49.7%) and specific infections in 6884 (31.4%). The infections detected were as follows: bacteria, 5663 (82.3%); Candida, 825 (12.0%); Trichomonas, 273 (4.0%); and HPV, 148 (2.1%). Significant changes were found in the prevalence of bacteria and Candida among women who underwent TCT before and after 2010. χ2 revealed an increasing proportion of specific infections found in smears after 2010 (P=0.000). In conclusion, bacterial infection was the most detectable in the ThinPrep smears, followed by Candida and Trichomonas. The prevalence of infection identified by TCT was found to be similar in previous literature in China.
Keywords ThinPrep cytological test      human papillomavirus      Candida infection      Trichomonas infection      bacterial infection     
Corresponding Author(s): Shuang Li   
Issue Date: 21 May 2014
 Cite this article:   
Hang Zhou,Yao Jia,Jian Shen, et al. Gynecologic infections seen in ThinPrep cytological test in Wuhan, China[J]. Front. Med., 2014, 8(2): 236-240.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/10.1007/s11684-014-0322-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/Y2014/V8/I2/236
Fig.1  Photomicrograph of TCT showing the cytological results as NILM, ASC, ISIL, HSIL, and SCC (A–E), and showing the infection of bacteria, Candida, Trichomonas, and HPV (F–I) (Papanicolaou stain, × 400).
Diagnosis200820092010Total
ThinPrep smears11 47722 757992844 162
ThinPrep smears with inflammation*4492 (39.1%)10 347 (45.5%)7096 (71.5%)21 935 (49.7%)
ThinPrep smears with non-specific inflammation**3417 (76.1%)7640 (73.8%)3994 (56.3%)15 051 (68.6%)
ThinPrep smears with specific infections1075 (23.9%)2707 (26.2%)3102 (43.7%)6884 (31.4%)
Tab.1  ThinPrep smears examined during 2008-2010
Type200820092010Total
Bacteria822 (76.5%)2067 (76.4%)2774 (89.4%)5663 (82.3%)
Candida173 (16.1%)423 (15.6%)219 (7.1%)815 (12.0%)
Trichomonas31 (2.9%)168 (6.2%)74 (2.4%)273 (4.0%)
Human papillomavirus53 (4.9%)58 (2.1%)37 (1.2%)148 (2.1%)
Specific infections1075270731026884
Tab.2  Distribution of specific infections seen in ThinPrep smears
2008200920102009 vs. 20082010 vs. 20082010 vs. 2009
CasesPrevalence (%)CasesPrevalence (%)CasesPrevalence(%)χ2Pχ2Pχ2P
Bacteria8227.1620679.08277427.9436.4280.0001644.3590.0001948.3260.000
Candida1731.514231.862192.215.5070.01914.4470.0004.3250.038
Trichomonas310.271680.74740.7528.9300.00024.6320.0000.0050.945
HPV530.46580.25370.3710.1080.0011.0100.3153.3310.069
Specific infections10759.37270711.90310231.2449.6750.0001626.3710.0001777.4230.000
Tab.3  Prevalence change in specific infections in ThinPrep smears
Age (year)Bacterial infectionCandida infectionTrichomonas infectionSpecific infectionsTotal number
CasesPrevalence (%)CasesPrevalence (%)CasesPrevalence (%)CasesPrevalence (%)
–30116811.22442.3490.5148914.310437
31–45308913.33941.71260.5367815.923177
46–60131913.81731.8931.0161717.09530
61–878.540.450.51009.81018
χ255.63625.58225.96654.737
P0.0000.0000.0000.000
Tab.4  Prevalence of specific infections in ThinPrep smears among different age groups
TypeAuthorYearAreaPrevalence
Bacteria
Zhou et al.2008-2010Wuhan5663/44 162 (12.8%)
Wang et al. [8]2008Beijing38/551 (7.4%)
Zhang et al. [9]2003Beijing22.2%
Xu et al. [10]2007-2009Beijing8.7%
Tang et al. [11]2003-2004Sichuan308/200 (15.4%)
Candida
Zhou et al.2008-2010Wuhan825/44 162 (1.9%)
Wang et al. [8]2008Beijing40/551 (7.8%)
Zhang et al. [9]2003Beijing4.9%
Xu et al. [10]2007-2009Beijing1.7%
Tang et al. [11]2003-2004Sichuan176/2000 (8.8%)
Trichomonas
Zhou et al.2008-2010Wuhan273/44 162 (0.6%)
Wang et al. [8]2008Beijing6/551 (1.2%)
Zhang et al. [9]2003Beijing2.1%
Xu et al. [10]2007-2009Beijing1.0%
Tang et al. [11]2003-2004Sichuan14/2000 (0.7%)
Tab.5  Comparison of Bacterial, Candida, and Trichomonas infections among studies in China
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