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Frontiers of Medicine

ISSN 2095-0217

ISSN 2095-0225(Online)

CN 11-5983/R

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Front. Med.    2018, Vol. 12 Issue (5) : 566-571    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-017-0556-1
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Cluster analysis for syndromes of real-world coronary heart disease with angina pectoris
Yufeng Zhao1,2(), Xueyun Yu1, Xinyu Cao1,2, Lin Luo1, Liyun He1, Shusong Mao3, Li Ma3, Peijing Rong4, Yuxue Zhao4, Guozheng Li2,5, Baoyan Liu2,5()
1. Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
2. National Data Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
3. Department of Information Technology, Hubei University of Medicine, Wuhan 430064, China
4. Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
5. China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Abstract

Syndromes of coronary heart disease with angina pectoris were analyzed to provide guidance for clinical practice and to improve accuracy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnoses and efficacy of TCM treatment. A total of 860 cases with coronary heart disease with angina pectoris were selected from TCM Clinical Research Information Sharing System for TCM clinics and research. Syndromes were automatically extracted with the cluster method and were analyzed to provide objective evidence for clinical studies. Final syndrome classifications were recognized and confirmed by clinical experts. Popular syndromes included Qi and blood deficiency, blood stasis and obstruction collaterals, liver depression and spleen deficiency, and Qi stagnation and blood stasis. Syndromes Qi and blood deficiency and blood stasis and obstruction collaterals accounted for 28.61% of total syndromes, whereas liver depression and spleen deficiency and Qi stagnation and blood stasis accounted for 26.44%. The main syndrome elements comprised Qi deficiency, blood deficiency, blood stasis, and Qi stagnation.
Keywords syndrome differentiation      real-world study      coronary heart disease with angina pectoris      cluster analysis     
Corresponding Author(s): Yufeng Zhao,Baoyan Liu   
Just Accepted Date: 07 September 2017   Online First Date: 01 December 2017    Issue Date: 29 September 2018
 Cite this article:   
Yufeng Zhao,Xueyun Yu,Xinyu Cao, et al. Cluster analysis for syndromes of real-world coronary heart disease with angina pectoris[J]. Front. Med., 2018, 12(5): 566-571.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/10.1007/s11684-017-0556-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/Y2018/V12/I5/566
Fig.1  Main interface of ETL software.
SymptomFrequencyPercent (%)
Lack of strength80593.60
Moss white73885.81
Spiritlessness67077.91
Less Qi and no desire to speak66977.79
Sublingual purple64174.53
Thin lingual fur63173.37
Insomnia60770.58
Thready pulse59068.60
Deep pulse58968.49
Physically impoverished54863.72
Chest tightness51860.23
Soreness and weakness of waist and knees51660.00
Dreaminess50358.49
Chills48556.40
Chest pain40046.51
Dizzy34940.58
Irritability34740.35
Dark complexion33438.84
String-like pulse32738.02
Feverish palms and soles32037.21
Tab.1  Top 20 clinical symptoms coronary heart disease with angina pectoris
Cluster123456
11.00000.10270.15240.44690.00430.3128
20.10271.00000.3058-0.03760.07420.0270
30.15240.30581.00000.31830.06570.2125
40.4469-0.03760.31831.0000-0.08200.4747
50.00430.07420.0657-0.08201.00000.1794
60.31280.02700.21250.47470.17941.0000
Avg.0.20380.09440.21090.22410.04830.2413
Tab.2  Relevance of six clusters of features of coronary heart disease with angina pectoris
ClustersSymptomsSyndromes
1Heart palpitations, spontaneous sweating, pale tongue, chest pain, fine pulse, rapid pulse, red tongue (Total: 26 symptoms)Qi and yin deficiency, heat constipation
2Limb heaviness, fat tongue body, tongue with teeth marks, much sputum, chest pain, slimy fur, edema, slippery pulse, sticky slimy sensation in the mouth (Total: 20 symptoms)Phlegm retention obstruction in the middle-jiao, dampness
3Canthus pale, coldness of extremities, pale tongue, white fur, sallow complexion, fine pulse, loose stool, vexation (Total: 18 symptoms)Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney, Qi and blood deficiency
4Weak pulse, lack of strength, heart palpitations, less Qi and lazy words, tightness of the chest, spiritlessness (Total:17 symptoms)Qi and blood deficiency, blood stasis and obstruction collaterals
5String-like pulse, tightness of the chest, chest pain, heart palpitations, bluish purple tongue, insomnia, tongue ecchymosis, irritability, bluish purple sublingual collateral vessels (Total: 10 symptoms)Liver depression and spleen deficiency, Qi stagnation and blood stasis
6Heat in palms and soles, fissured tongue, less fur, tightness of the chest, chest pain, fine pulse, red tongue, heart palpitations (Total: 14 symptoms)Yin deficiency and depleted fluid, blood stasis and obstruction collaterals
Tab.3  Symptom distribution of six clusters of syndrome features of coronary heart disease with angina pectoris
ClustersSyndromesCasesPercent (%)
1Qi and yin deficiency, heat constipation435.00
2Phlegm retention obstruction in the middle-jiao, dampness617.00
3Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney, Qi and blood deficiency16018.65
4Qi and blood deficiency, blood stasis and obstruction collaterals24628.61
5Liver depression and spleen deficiency, Qi stagnation and blood stasis22726.44
6Yin deficiency and depleted fluid, blood stasis and obstruction collaterals12314.30
Tab.4  Distribution of syndrome features of coronary heart disease with angina pectoris
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