1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China 2. China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide and resistant cultivars are vital for its management. Therefore, investigating the heterozygosity of the pathogen is important because of rapid virulence changes in isolates heterozygous for avirulence/virulence. An isolate of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici was selfed on Berberis shensiana to determine the heterozygosity for avirulence/virulence loci. One hundred and twenty progeny isolates obtained from this selfing were phenotyped using 25 lines of wheat containing Yr genes and genotyped with 96 simple sequencing repeat markers, with 51 pathotypes and 55 multi-locus genotypes being identified. All of these were avirulent on lines with Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24 and Yr26 and virulent on lines with Yr17, Yr25 and YrA, indicating that the parental isolate was homozygously avirulent or homozygously virulent for these loci. Segregation was found for wheat lines with Yr1, Yr2, Yr4, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr27, Yr28, Yr32, Yr43, Yr44, YrExp2, YrSp, YrTr1, YrTye and YrV23. The 17 cultivars to which the Pst was identified as heterozygous with respect to virulence/avirulence should not be given priority in breeding programs to obtain new resistant cultivars.
. [J]. Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering, 2017, 4(1): 48-58.
Yuan TIAN,Gangming ZHAN,Xia LU,Jie ZHAO,Lili HUANG,Zhensheng KANG. Determination of heterozygosity for avirulence/virulence loci through sexual hybridization of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2017, 4(1): 48-58.
Avirulence (A) and virulence (V) of parental and progeny isolates of Pst on wheat lines with Yr genes
Yr4
Yr7
Yr8
Yr32
Yr43
YrExp2
YrSp
YrTr1
Yr1
Yr2
Yr6
Yr9
Yr27
Yr28
Yr44
YrTye
YrV23
Parent
1
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
Progeny
120
1
26
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
2
6
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
A
3
1
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
4
1
A
A
A
V
A
A
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
5
1
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
A
V
6
1
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
V
V
A
V
V
V
V
V
7
1
A
A
V
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
8
6
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
9
8
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
10
1
V
V
A
V
A
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
11
3
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
12
2
V
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
13
1
V
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
V
V
V
A
V
V
V
V
14
1
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
V
V
A
V
V
V
V
15
1
A
V
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
A
V
V
16
1
A
V
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
17
3
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
A
V
V
18
2
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
A
V
V
19
1
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
V
V
A
V
A
V
V
20
4
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
A
21
2
A
A
V
A
A
A
V
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
A
22
1
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
A
V
A
23
7
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
A
24
1
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
V
V
A
V
V
V
A
25
1
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
V
A
A
26
1
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
A
V
A
27
1
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
V
A
A
V
V
V
A
V
A
28
1
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
V
A
V
A
V
A
29
2
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
V
V
V
A
V
A
30
1
A
A
V
A
A
V
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
A
31
1
A
A
V
A
A
V
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
32
1
A
A
V
A
A
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
A
33
1
A
A
V
A
A
A
V
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
A
V
V
34
1
A
A
A
V
V
A
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
A
V
V
V
35
1
A
A
V
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
V
36
1
A
V
A
A
A
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
A
V
V
A
37
1
A
V
A
A
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
A
V
V
A
38
1
A
V
V
A
A
A
V
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
V
A
A
39
1
A
A
V
A
A
V
A
A
A
V
A
V
A
V
V
V
A
40
1
A
V
A
V
A
V
V
A
A
V
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
41
1
V
V
A
A
A
A
V
A
V
V
A
A
V
V
A
A
V
42
1
A
V
V
A
V
V
A
A
V
V
V
A
A
A
V
V
A
43
2
A
V
V
A
V
V
A
A
A
V
V
A
A
V
V
A
A
44
8
A
V
V
A
V
V
A
A
A
V
V
A
A
A
V
A
A
45
3
A
V
V
A
V
V
A
V
A
V
V
A
A
A
V
A
A
46
1
A
V
V
A
V
V
A
V
A
A
V
A
A
A
V
V
A
47
1
A
V
V
A
V
V
A
V
A
V
V
A
A
V
V
V
A
48
1
A
V
V
V
V
V
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
A
V
A
A
49
1
V
V
V
V
V
V
A
A
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
A
50
1
A
V
V
A
A
V
A
A
V
A
A
V
V
A
V
A
A
51
1
A
V
V
A
V
V
A
A
V
V
A
A
V
A
V
A
A
Tab.1
Wheat line with Yr gene
Infection type of parental isolate
Observed number of progeny isolates
Expected ratio
P
Avirulent
Virulent
Yr7
2
92
28
3:1
0.67
Yr8
0
90
30
3:1
1.00
Yr32
1
115
5
15:1
0.35
Yr43
2
100
20
13:3
0.56
YrSp
0
94
26
3:1
0.40
YrTr1
2
112
8
15:1
0.85
YrExp2
2
94
26
3:1
0.40
Yr4
2
115
5
15:1
0.35
Yr1
9
21
99
1:3
0.73
Yr2
9
40
80
7:9
0.03
Yr6
9
6
114
1:15
0.19
Yr9
9
20
100
3:13
0.56
Yr27
9
22
98
1:3
0.09
Yr44
9
15
105
3:13
0.08
YrTye
9
20
100
3:13
0.56
Yr28
9
19
101
3:13
0.41
YrV23
9
53
67
7:9
0.93
Tab.2
Fig.1
P
CAvr or cavr gene
Avirulence (CAvr)
Virulence (Cavr)
CAvr8
CAvrExp2
CAvrSp
Cavr27
CAvr7
0.00
0.00
0.61
CAvr8
0.00
0.53
CAvrExp2
0.10
Cavr1
0.00
Tab.3
Fig.2
Yr gene in the tested wheat line
Avirulence to virulence ratios
Present study
PST-127
Pinglan 17-7
Yr1
1: 3
homozygously virulent
homozygously virulent
Yr2
7: 9
homozygously virulent
homozygously virulent
Yr4
15: 1
–
1: 15
Yr5
homozygously avirulent
homozygously avirulent
homozygously avirulent
Yr6
1: 15
3: 1
3: 1
Yr7
3: 1
3: 1
homozygously virulent
Yr8
3: 1
3: 1
homozygously avirulent
Yr9
3: 13
homozygously virulent
homozygously virulent
Yr10
homozygously avirulent
1: 3
homozygously virulent
Yr15
homozygously avirulent
homozygously avirulent
homozygously avirulent
Yr17
homozygously virulent
1: 3
homozygously virulent
Yr24
homozygously avirulent
homozygously avirulent
homozygously virulent
Yr25
homozygously virulent
–
homozygously virulent
Yr26
homozygously avirulent
–
homozygously virulent
Yr27
1: 3
3: 1
1: 3
Yr28
3: 13
–
1: 3
Yr32
15: 1
homozygously avirulent
1: 15
Yr43
13: 3
3: 1
3: 1
Yr44
3: 13
3: 1
1: 15
YrA
homozygously virulent
–
homozygously virulent
YrExp2
3: 1
3: 1
homozygously virulent
YrSp
3: 1
homozygously avirulent
3: 1
YrTr1
15: 1
1: 3
homozygously avirulent
YrTye
3: 13
3: 1
–
YrV23
7: 9
–
homozygously virulent
Tab.4
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