MANURE AND METROPOLES---A GLOBAL FRAMEWORK FOR NUTRIENT CYCLING IN FOOD SYSTEMS
Daan VERSTAND1(), Theun VELLINGA2, Krijn POPPE3, Pieter de WOLF1
1. Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands. 2. Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands. 3. Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University and Research, Prinses Beatrixlaan 582–528 2595 BM Den Haag, the Netherlands.
L Antonio Ricci. Economic geography and comparative advantage: agglomeration versus specialization. European Economic Review, 1999, 43(2): 357–377 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(98)00065-8
3
H Steinfeld, P Gerber, T Wassenaar, V Castel, M Rosales, C de Haan. Livestock’s long shadow—Environmental issues and options. Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2006 doi: 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[4:D]2.0.CO;2
4
P de Wolf, D Verstand, K Poppe, T Vellinga. Manure and metropoles—a contribution to the discussion about solution-pathways for closing nutrient cycles. Wageningen: Wageningen University and Research, 2019 (in Dutch). doi: 10.18174/478479
5
Eurostat. European statistics, 2018. Available at eurostate website (database) on August 20, 2018
6
FAOstat. Food and agricultural data, 2018. Available at Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) website on July 20, 2020
7
Eurostat. Glossary: livestock unit (LSU), 2018. Available at eurostat website on August 20, 2018
8
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The state of food and agriculture—livestock in the balance. Rome: FAO, 2009 doi: 10.18356/6e4ebb75-en
9
Q Liu, J Wang, Z Bai, L Ma, O Oenema. Global animal production and nitrogen and phosphorus flows. Soil Research, 2017, 55(5–6): 451–462 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR17031