Green chemistry has attracted more attention in the past century. Among the 12 principles of green chemistry, only atom economy and E factor can be expressed quantitatively to depict the impact of a chemical process to environment. Atom economy was thought better than the traditional yield for evaluating the atom efficiency of raw materials. But it is not enough to reflect the conversion degree of raw material. In this paper, we proposed the concept of real atom economy (RAE) as a metric. RAE could combine the above two factors together to better express the green degree of a process. We further suggested an equation to correlate E factor with RAE. The concept of RAE is proved to be helpful for estimating an environmentally benign process.
Corresponding Author(s):
LI Zhenhua,Email:zhenhua@tju.edu.cn
引用本文:
. Real atom economy and its application for evaluation the green degree of a process[J]. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2011, 5(3): 349-354.
Weihan WANG, Jing Lü, Li ZHANG, Zhenhua LI. Real atom economy and its application for evaluation the green degree of a process. Front Chem Sci Eng, 2011, 5(3): 349-354.
Sheldon R A. E factors, green chemistry and catalysis: an odyssey. Chemical Communications , 2008, 29: 3352–3365 doi: 10.1039/b803584a
2
Sheldon R A, Arends I, Hanefeld U. Green Chemistry and Catalysis. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2007: 1–2 doi: 10.1002/9783527611003.ch1
3
Anastas P T, Kirchhoff M M. Origins, current status, and future challenges of green chemistry. Accounts of Chemical Research , 2002, 35(9): 686–694 doi: 10.1021/ar010065m
4
Trost B M. The atom economy—a search for synthetic efficiency. Science , 1991, 254(5037): 1471–1477 doi: 10.1126/science.1962206
5
Sheldon R A. Organic synthesis. Past, present and future. Chemistry & Industry , 1992, 23: 903–906
6
Hudlicky T, Frey D A, Koroniak L, Claeboe C D, Brammer Jr L E. Toward a ‘reagent-free’ synthesis: Tandem enzymatic and electrochemical methods for increased effective mass yield (EMY). Green Chemistry , 1999, 1(2): 57–59 doi: 10.1039/a901397k
7
Constable D J C, Curzons A D, Cunningham V L. Metrics to ‘green’ chemistry—Which are the best? Green Chemistry , 2002, 4(6): 521–527 doi: 10.1039/b206169b
8
Van Santen R A, Kuipers H P C E. The mechanism of ethylene epoxidation. Advances in Catalysis , 1987, 35: 265–321 doi: 10.1016/S0360-0564(08)60095-4
9
Tang B, Cui G W, Mao Z, Dong Y B. About the virtual value of atom economy. Fine Chemicals , 2006, 23(6): 521–524 (in Chinese)
10
Yu X Y, Gao S, Liu C H, Yang J G, He M Y. Preparation of 2-t-butyl-p-cresol catalyzed by Hβ zeolite. Fine Chemicals, 2006, 23(6): 598–600 (in Chinese)
11
Fang J, Wang B, Li Z, Xu G. Study on the reaction of CO coupling to oxalate. Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, 2003, 80(2): 293–301 doi: 10.1023/B:REAC.0000006138.57139.16
12
Sheldon R A. Consider the environmental quotient. Chemtech , 1994, 24(3): 38–46
13
Sheldon R A. The E factor: fifteen years on. Green Chemistry , 2007, 9(12): 1273–1283 doi: 10.1039/b713736m
14
Shi Y, Wang S, Ma X. Microwave preparation of Ti-containing mesoporous materials. Application as catalysts for transesterification. Chemical Engineering Journal , 2011, 166(2): 744–750 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2010.11.081
15
Lu G, Zuo X. Epoxidation of propylene by air over modified silver catalyst. Catalysis Letters , 1999, 58(1): 67–70 doi: 10.1023/A:1019001211379
16
Song Z X, Mimura N, Bravo-Suárez J, Akita T, Tsubota S, Oyama S T. Gas-phase epoxidation of propylene through radicals generated by silica-supported molybdenum oxide. Applied Catalysis A, General , 2007, 316(2): 142–151 doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2006.08.029
