1. Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; 2. Chemical Engineering Department, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
A central composite rotatable design and response surface methodology were used in order to investigate the individual and combined effects of the ethanol-to-oil ratio, H2SO4 concentration, temperature and time of reaction on the reduction of free fatty acid (FFA) in jatropha oil. A quadratic polynomial model relating the reaction variables with FFA reduction was developed, presenting a good coefficient of determination (R2= 0.893). For reducing FFA to less than 1%, the optimal combination was found to be 0.62 v·v-1 ethanol-to-oil ratio (14.9 v·v-1 ethanol-to-FFA ratio), 1.7% v·v-1 H2SO4 concentration, and 79 min reaction time at a reaction temperature of 54°C. These results are of great relevance to maximize methyl esters formation by transesterification using an alkaline catalyst.
. Optimization of pretreatment of Jatropha oil with high free fatty acids for biodiesel production[J]. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2012, 6(2): 210-215.
Supriyono SUWITO, Giuliano DRAGONE, Hary SULISTYO, Bardi MURACHMAN, Suryo PURWONO, José TEIXEIRA. Optimization of pretreatment of Jatropha oil with high free fatty acids for biodiesel production. Front Chem Sci Eng, 2012, 6(2): 210-215.
Fatty Acid /%CaprylicCapricLauricMyristicPalmitoleicPalmiticMargaricOleicStearicLinoleicLinolenicEicosenoicEicosanoicEicosenoicEicosapentaenoicBehenicDocosatrienoicDecahexanoicTeracosanoicKinematic viscosity /(40°C, mm2/s)Water content /(vol-%)Specific gravity at 60/60°CFlash point PMcc /°FConradson carbon residue /(wt-%)Saponification value /(mg·g–1)Peroxide value
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