Study of the robustness of a low-temperature dual-pressure process for removal of CO2 from natural gas
Stefania Moioli1(), Laura A. Pellegrini1, Paolo Vergani2, Fabio Brignoli2
1. Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy 2. Maire Tecnimont S.p.A. Via Gaetano De Castillia 6/A, I-20124 Milano, Italy
The growing use of energy by most of world population and the consequent increasing demand for energy are making unexploited low quality gas reserves interesting from an industrial point of view. To meet the required specifications for a natural gas grid, some compounds need to be removed from the sour stream. Because of the high content of undesired compounds (i.e., CO2) in the stream to be treated, traditional purification processes may be too energy intensive and the overall system may result unprofitable, therefore new technologies are under study. In this work, a new process for the purification of natural gas based on a low temperature distillation has been studied, focusing on the dynamics of the system. The robustness of the process has been studied by dynamic simulation of an industrial-scale plant, with particular regard to the performances when operating conditions are changed. The results show that the process can obtain the methane product with a high purity and avoid the solidification of carbon dioxide.
. [J]. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2018, 12(2): 209-225.
Stefania Moioli, Laura A. Pellegrini, Paolo Vergani, Fabio Brignoli. Study of the robustness of a low-temperature dual-pressure process for removal of CO2 from natural gas. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2018, 12(2): 209-225.
Burgers W F J, Northrop P S, Kheshgi H S, Valencia J A. Worldwide development potential for sour gas. Energy Procedia, 2011, 4: 2178–2184 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.104
2
Ravanchi M, Sahebdelfar S, Zangeneh F. Carbon dioxide sequestration in petrochemical industries with the aim of reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2011, 5(2): 173–178 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-010-0562-1
3
Rufford T E, Smart S, Watson G C Y, Graham B F, Boxall J, Diniz da Costa J C, May E F. The removal of CO2 and N2 from natural gas: A review of conventional and emerging process technologies. Journal of Petroleum Science Engineering, 2012, 94-95: 123–154 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2012.06.016
4
Mumford K A, Wu Y, Smith K H, Stevens G W. Review of solvent based carbon-dioxide capture technologies. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2015, 9(2): 125–141 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-015-1514-6
5
Wang M, Yang D, Wang Z, Wang J, Wang S. Effects of pressure and temperature on fixed-site carrier membrane for CO2 separation from natural gas. Frontiers of Chemical Engineering in China, 2010, 4(2): 127–132 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-009-0231-4
6
Xiao Y, Low B T, Hosseini S S, Chung T S, Paul D R. The strategies of molecular architecture and modification of polyimide-based membranes for CO2 removal from natural gas—A review. Progress in Polymer Science, 2009, 34(6): 561–580 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2008.12.004
7
Yong W F, Li F Y, Chung T S, Tong Y W. Highly permeable chemically modified PIM-1/Matrimid membranes for green hydrogen purification. Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2013, 1(44): 13914–13925 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta13308g
8
Baker R W, Lokhandwala K. Natural gas processing with membranes: An overview. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2008, 47(7): 2109–2121 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie071083w
9
Wu Y, Wang Y, Zeng Q, Gong X, Yu Z. Experimental study on capturing CO2 greenhouse gas by mixture of ammonia and soil. Frontiers of Chemical Engineering in China, 2009, 3(4): 468–473 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-009-0257-7
10
Olajire A A. CO2 capture by aqueous ammonia process in the clean development mechanism for Nigerian oil industry. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2013, 7(3): 366–380 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-013-1340-7
11
Kohl A L, Nielsen R. Gas Purification. 5th ed. Houston: Gulf Publishing Company, Book Division, 1997
12
GPSA. Engineering Data Book. 12th Edition. Tulsa: Gas Processors Suppliers Association, 2004
13
Moioli S, Pellegrini L A. Modeling the methyldiethanolamine-piperazine scrubbing system for CO2 removal: Thermodynamic analysis. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2016, 10(1): 162–175 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-016-1555-5
14
Moioli S, Pellegrini L A. Improved rate-based modeling of the process of CO2 capture with PZ solution. Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2015, 93: 611–620 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2014.03.022
15
Moioli S. The rate-based modelling of CO2 removal from the flue gases of power plants. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 2014, 186: 635–646 https://doi.org/10.2495/ESUS140561
16
Moioli S, Pellegrini L A. Physical properties of PZ solution used as a solvent for CO2 removal. Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2015, 93: 720–726 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2014.06.016
17
Moioli S, Nagy T, Langé S, Pellegrini L A, Mizsey P. Simulation model evaluation of CO2 capture by aqueous MEA scrubbing for heat requirement analyses. Energy Procedia, 2017, 114: 1558–1566 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1286
18
Nagy T, Moioli S, Langé S, Pellegrini L A, Mizsey P. Improvement of post-combustion carbon capture process in retrofit case. Energy Procedia, 2017, 114: 1567–1575 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1287
19
Langé S. Purification of natural gas by means of a new low temperature distillation process. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Milano: Politecnico di Milano, 2015, 1–299
Langé S, Moioli S, Pellegrini L A. Vapor-liquid equilibrium and enthalpy of absorption of the CO2-MEA-H2O system. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 2015, 43: 1975–1980
Holmes A S, Ryan J M. Cryogenic distillative separation of acid gases from methane. US Patent, 4318723, 1982-03-09
24
Holmes A S, Ryan J M. Distillative separation of carbon dioxide from light hydrocarbons. US Patent, 4350511, 1982-09-21
25
Holmes A S, Price B C, Ryan J M, Styring R E. Pilot tests prove out cryogenic acid-gas/hydrocarbon separation processes. Oil & Gas Journal, 1983, 27: 85–91
26
Haut R C, Denton R D, Thomas E R. Development and application of the controlled-freeze-zone process. SPE Production Engineering, 1989, 4(3): 265–271 https://doi.org/10.2118/17700-PA
27
Michael E, Parker P E, Northrop S, Valencia J A, Foglesong R E, Duncan W T. CO2 management at ExxonMobil’s LaBarge field, Wyoming, USA. Energy Procedia, 2011, 4: 5455–5470 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.531
28
Northrop P S, Valencia J A. The CFZ™ process: A cryogenic method for handling high-CO2 and H2S gas reserves and facilitating geosequestration of CO2 and acid gases. Energy Procedia, 2009, 1(1): 171–177 doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.025
29
Valencia J A, Denton R D. Method and apparatus for separating carbon dioxide and other acid gases from methane by the use of distillation and a controlled freeze zone. US Patent, 4533372, 1985-06-08
30
Valencia J A, Victory D J. Method and apparatus for cryogenic separation of carbon dioxide and other acid gases from methane. US Patent, 4923493, 1990-05-08
31
Valencia J A, Victory D J. Bubble cap tray for melting solids and method for using same. US Patent, 5265428, 1993-11-30
Lallemand F, Perdu G, Normand L, Weiss C, Magne-Drisch J, Gonnard S. Extending the treatment of highly sour gases: Cryogenic distillation, digital refining. Processing. Operation and Maintenance, 2014, 2014: 1–2
34
Kelley B T, Valencia J A, Northrop P S, Mart C J. Controlled Freeze Zone™ for developing sour gas reserves. Energy Procedia, 2011, 4: 824–829 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.01.125
35
Langé S, Pellegrini L A, Vergani P, Lo Savio M. Energy and economic analysis of a new low-temperature distillation process for the upgrading of high-CO2 content natural gas streams. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2015, 54(40): 9770–9782 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02211
36
Pellegrini L A. Process for the removal of CO2 from acid gas. Google Patents, WO 2014054945 A2, 2014-04-10
37
Baccanelli M. Analisi tecno-economica di soluzioni di processo a bassa temperatura per la produzione di LNG. Dissertation for the Master Degree. Milano: Politecnico di Milano, 2015 (in Italian)
Pellegrini L A, Moioli S, Brignoli F, Bellini C. LNG technology: The weathering in above-ground storage tanks. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2014, 53(10): 3931–3937 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie404128d
40
Donnelly H G, Katz D L. Phase equilibria in the carbon dioxide–methane system. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 1954, 46(3): 511–517 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50531a036
41
Sobocinski D P, Kurata F. Heterogeneous phase-equilibria of the hydrogen sulfide-carbon dioxide system. AIChE Journal. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1959, 5(4): 545–551 https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690050425
42
Davis J A, Rodewald N, Kurata F. Solid-liquid-vapor phase behavior of the methane-carbon dioxide system. AIChE Journal. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1962, 8(4): 537–539 https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690080423
43
Im U K, Kurata F. Phase equilibrium of carbon dioxide and light paraffins in presence of solid carbon dioxide. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 1971, 16(3): 295–299 https://doi.org/10.1021/je60050a018
44
Shen T T, Gao T, Lin W S, Gu A Z. Determination of CO2 solubility in saturated liquid CH4 + N2 and CH4 + C2H6 mixtures above atmospheric pressure. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2012, 57(8): 2296–2303 https://doi.org/10.1021/je3002859
45
Cheung H, Zander E H. Solubility of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in liquid hydrocarbons at cryogenic temperatures. Chemical Engineering Symposium Series, 1968, 64(88): 34–37
46
Brewer J, Kurata F. Freezing points of binary mixtures of methane. AIChE Journal. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1958, 4(3): 317–321 https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040316
47
Streich M N. 2 removal from natural gas. Hydrocarbon Processing, 1970, 49(4): 86–88
48
Yokozeki A. Analytical equation of state for solid-liquid-vapor phases. International Journal of Thermophysics, 2003, 24(3): 589–620 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024015729095
49
Stephanopoulos G. Chemical Process Control: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1984
50
Metz B, Davidson O, de Conik H, Loos M, Meyer L. IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. Prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005
51
Perry R H, Green D W. Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook. 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill International Editions, 1997