Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
As the substitution of common noble catalysts in the hydrogenation of carboxylic acid, a highly effective Cu-Ni/SiO2 catalyst was prepared by a novel stepwise ammonia evaporation method. Its performance in the gas-phase hydrogenation of acetic acid was further examined. With the introduction of Ni dopant, more stable Cuδ+ sites, which can adsorb more acetic acid, were formed due to the electron transfer from Cu to Ni. This makes more Cu0 sites available for hydrogen adsorption, which was suggested as the rate-determining step in acetic acid hydrogenation. A conversion of 99.6% was successfully achieved on this new Cu/SiO2-0.5Ni catalyst, accompanied by the ethanol selectivity of 90%. The incorporation of nickel between copper nanoparticles enhances the synergistic effect between Cu0 and Cu+. It also helps mitigate the aggregation of copper nanoparticles due to the Ostwald ripening effect induced by acetic acid and enhance the stability of copper catalyst in the conversion of carboxylic acid.
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