Recent progress in electrospun nanofibers and their applications in heavy metal wastewater treatment

doi:10.1007/s11705-022-2245-0

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering

2023, Vol. 17

Issue (3): 249-275 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-022-2245-0

本期目录

Recent progress in electrospun nanofibers and their applications in heavy metal wastewater treatment

Xizi Xu¹, He Lv¹, Mingxin Zhang¹, Menglong Wang¹, Yangjian Zhou¹, Yanan Liu¹(

), Deng-Guang Yu^1,²(

)

¹. School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
². Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Medical Device Materials, Shanghai 200093, China

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Abstract：

Novel adsorbents with a simple preparation process and large capacity for removing highly toxic and nondegradable heavy metals from water have drawn the attention of researchers. Electrospun nanofiber membranes usually have the advantages of large specific surface areas and high porosity and allowing flexible control and easy functionalization. These membranes show remarkable application potential in the field of heavy metal wastewater treatment. In this paper, the electrospinning technologies, process types, and the structures and types of nanofibers that can be prepared are reviewed, and the relationships among process, structure and properties are discussed. On one hand, based on the different components of electrospun nanofibers, the use of organic, inorganic and organic−inorganic nanofiber membrane adsorbents in heavy metal wastewater treatment are introduced, and their advantages and future development are summarized and prospected. On the other hand, based on the microstructure and overall structure of the nanofiber membrane, the recent progresses of electrospun functional membranes for heavy metal removal are reviewed, and the advantages of different structures for applications are concluded. Overall, this study lays the foundation for future research aiming to provide more novel structured adsorbents.

Key words： electrospinning heavy metal adsorption nanostructure wastewater

收稿日期: 2022-06-15 出版日期: 2023-03-17

Corresponding Author(s): Yanan Liu,Deng-Guang Yu

引用本文:

. [J]. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2023, 17(3): 249-275.
Xizi Xu, He Lv, Mingxin Zhang, Menglong Wang, Yangjian Zhou, Yanan Liu, Deng-Guang Yu. Recent progress in electrospun nanofibers and their applications in heavy metal wastewater treatment. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(3): 249-275.

链接本文:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/CN/10.1007/s11705-022-2245-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/CN/Y2023/V17/I3/249

Fig.1

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Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Tab.1

Fig.9

Tab.2

Fig.10

Material	Preparation method	Type of metal ions	Adsorption capacity	Ref.
PVA/CS	Blend electrospinning	Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺	266.12, 148.79 mg·g^–1	[106]
PAA/PVA	Blend electrospinning	Cu²⁺	49.3 mg·g^–1	[107]
PVA/PAA	Blend electrospinning	Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺	159, 102 mg·g^–1	[108]
PVA/PAN	Two-nozzle electrospinning and surface modification	Cr⁶⁺, Cd²⁺	66.5, 33.6 mg·g^–1	[109]
PVA/PEI	Blend electrospinning	Cr⁶⁺	150 mg·g^–1	[110]
PAN/CA	Hydrolysis and amidoximation modification	Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺	7.47, 4.26, 1.13 mmol·g^–1	[111]
PA-66/PAN	Twin-spinneret electrospinning and amidoxime modified	Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺	67.5, 75.4 mg·g^–1	[112]
CS/CA	Treatment by neutralization of CS and deacetylation of CA	As⁵⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺	39.4, 57.3, 112.6 mg·g^–1	[113]
CS/PEO (polyethylene oxide)	Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-modified	Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺	177, 142, 56 mg·g^–1	[114]
CS/phosphorylated nanocellulose	Phosphate groups ( $P O 4 2 ?$ ) formed on the surface of electrospun nanofibers	Cd²⁺	232.55 mg·g^–1	[115]
PAN/PEI	Aminated PAN nanofibers followed by grafting branched PEI	Cu²⁺	149.8 mg·g^–1	[116]
SF/CA	Blend electrospinning and ethanol treatment	Cu²⁺	22.8 mg·g^–1	[117]
PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride)/PAN	Treatment of electrospun PVDF/AOPAN nanofibers with KOH	Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺	72.5, 30.1, 52.8 mg·g^–1	[118]
PAN/PDA (polydopamine)	Coating PAN nanofibers with PDA	Cr⁶⁺	61.65 mg·g^–1	[89]
PLA/PDA/CS	CS-grafted porous P-PLLA (porous poly(L-lactic acid)) nanofiber by using PDA as an intermediate layer	Cu²⁺	270.27 mg·g^–1	[119]

Tab.3

Tab.4

Fig.11

Fig.12

Materials	Preparation method	Heavy metal ion	Adsorption capacity	Ref.
CS/TiO₂	Different doping forms of TiO₂: coating method and entrapped method	Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺	(1) 710.3, 579.1 mg·g^–1(2) 526.5, 475.5 mg·g^–1	[149]
CS/graphene oxide (GO)	Blending electrospinning	Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cr⁶⁺	461.3, 423.8, 310.4 mg·g^–1	[150]
CS/HAp	Blending electrospinning	Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺	296.7, 213.8, 180.2 mg·g^–1	[151]
CA/montmorillonite	Composite nanofibers with organically modified montmorillonite and followed by deacetylation	Cr⁶⁺	20 mg·g^–1	[152]
CA/HAp	Blending electrospinning	Fe³⁺, Pb²⁺	46.93, 45.825 mg·g^–1	[153]
PAN/FeCl₂	Blending electrospinning	Cr⁶⁺	108 mg·g^–1	[154]
PAN/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes)	PEI modified MWCNT as a novel additive in PAN nanofiber membrane	Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺	232.7, 112.5 mg·g^–1	[155]
PAN/ZIF-8 (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8)	ZIF-8 nanoparticles are uniformly decorated on PAN nanofibers by hot-pressing method	Cu²⁺	Cu²⁺ removal rate of ZIF-8/PAN NF can highly reach 34.1% in 4 min	[156]
PAN/ZnO	Blending electrospinning	Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺	322, 166 mg·g^–1	[157]
PAN/MgO	Coaxial electrospinning and post-treatment	Cu²⁺	354 mg·g^–1	[158]
PAN/boehmite	Combination of electrospinning process, chemical modification and hydrothermal reaction	Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺	180.83, 48.68, 114.94 mg·g^–1	[159]
PAN/CS/ZnO	Electrospun PAN nanofibrous membranes were functionalized with zinc oxide nanoparticles and coated with a layer of electrospun CS	Cr³⁺	116.5 mg·g^–1	[160]
PVA/SiO₂	Composite nanofibers were functionalized by mercapto groups via the hydrolysis polycondensation	Cu²⁺	489.12 mg·g^–1	[161]
PVA/zeolite	Blending electrospinning	Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺	342.8, 838.7 mg·g^–1	[162]
PVA/TiO₂/ZnO	Blending electrospinning	Th⁴⁺	333.3 mg·g^–1	[163]
PVA/clay and PCL (polycaprolactone)/clay	Blending electrospinning	Cd²⁺, Cr³⁺, Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺	14.58, 17.36, 16.46, 16.50 mg·g^–1 and 29.59, 27.23, 25.36, 32.88 mg·g^–1	[164]
PA-6/Mg(OH)₂	Electrospinning technique combined with hydrothermal strategy	Cr⁶⁺	296.4 mg·g^–1	[165]
PCL/clay/zeolite	Blending electrospinning	Pb²⁺	19.531 mg·g^–1	[166]
PEO/CS/AC	Blending electrospinning	Cr⁶⁺, Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺	261.1, 217.4, 195.3, 186.2, 176.9 mg·g^–1	[167]
CS/PVA/zeolite	Hydrolyzed CS solution was blended with PVA and zeolite	Cr⁶⁺, Fe³⁺, Ni²⁺	8.84, 6.16, 1.77 mg·g^–1	[168]
PVA/PAA/SiO₂	Blending electrospinning and crosslink through heat treatment	Cu²⁺	125.47 mg·g^–1	[169]
PE/PAA/PAH	Blending electrospinning and thermal crosslinking	Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺	70%, 98%, 92% romoval at pH 7.4	[170]
PVP/CeO₂/TMPTMS (3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane)	Surface modification of CeO₂ and blending electrospinning	Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺	90.9, 88.3 mg·g^–1	[171]
PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate)/rhodanine	Blending electrospinning	Ag⁺, Pb²⁺	125.7, 140.2 mg·m^–2	[172]
PU/phytic acid	Blending electrospinning	Pb²⁺	136.52 mg·g^–1	[173]
Alginate/GO	Blending electrospinning	Pb²⁺	386.2 mg·g^–1	[174]

Tab.5

Fig.13

Fig.14

Fig.15

Fig.16

Fig.17

Fig.18

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