1. College of Bioresource Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China 2. College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China 3. Department of Chemical Engineering and Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
The discharge of large amounts of dye-containing wastewater seriously threats the environment. Adsorbents have been adopted to remove these dyes present in the wastewater. However, the high adsorption capacity, predominant pH-responsibility, and excellent recyclability are three challenges to the development of efficient adsorbents. The poly(acryloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride)-graft-dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals were synthesized in our work. Subsequently, the cationic dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystal cross-linked chitosan nanocomposite foam was fabricated via freeze-drying of the hydrogel. Under the optimal ratio of the cationic dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystal/chitosan (w/w) of 12/100, the resultant foam (Foam-12) possesses excellent absorption properties, such as high porosity, high content of active sites, strong acid resistance, and high amorphous region. Then, Foam-12 was applied as an eco-friendly adsorbent to remove acid red 134 (a representative of anionic dyes) from aqueous solutions. The maximum dye adsorption capacity of 1238.1 mg∙g‒1 is achieved under the conditions of 20 mg∙L‒1 adsorbents, 100 mg∙L‒1 dye, pH 3.5, 24 h, and 25 °C. The dominant adsorption mechanism for the anionic dye adsorption is electrostatic attraction, and Foam-12 can effectively adsorb acid red 134 at pH 2.5–5.5 and be desorbed at pH 8. Its easy recovery and good reusability are verified by the repeated acid adsorption–alkaline desorption experiments.
The proportion of PAETMAC-g-DACNCs to chitosan in the nanocomposite foams
Swelling ratio/%
pH = 3.5
pH = 5
pH = 6.5
0/100 (Foam-0)
–
–
1107
3/100 (Foam-3)
4088
2365
1029
6/100 (Foam-6)
3835
2218
1019
9/100 (Foam-9)
2945
2112
980
12/100 (Foam-12)
2764
1999
913
Tab.1
Fig.4
Fig.5
Fig.6
Fig.7
Fig.8
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