1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China 2. Department of Physics, Hamline University, Saint Paul, MN 55104, USA
Capacitive deionization can alleviate water shortage and water environmental pollution, but performances are greatly determined by the electrochemical and desalination properties of its electrode materials. In this work, B and N co-doped porous carbon with micro-mesoporous structures is derived from sodium alginate by a carbonization, activation, and hydrothermal doping process, which exhibits large specific surface area (2587 m2·g‒1) and high specific capacitance (190.7 F·g‒1) for adsorption of salt ions and heavy metal ions. Furthermore, the materials provide a desalination capacity of 26.9 mg·g−1 at 1.2 V in 500 mg·L‒1 NaCl solution as well as a high removal capacity (239.6 mg·g‒1) and adsorption rate (7.99 mg·g‒1·min‒1) for Pb2+ with an excellent cycle stability. This work can pave the way to design low-cost porous carbon with high-performances for removal of salt ions and heavy metal ions.
Y Zhang, Y Wang, J Xue, C Tang. MnO2-coated graphene/polypyrrole hybrids for enhanced capacitive deionization performance of Cu2+ removal. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2022, 61(10): 3582–3590 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04159
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Y Dong, W Xing, K Luo, J Zhang, J Yu, W Jin, J Wang, W Tang. Effective and continuous removal of Cr(VI) from brackish wastewater by flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI). Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 326: 129417 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129417
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R Wang, B Xu, Y Chen, X Yin, Y Liu, W Yang. Electro-enhanced adsorption of lead ions from slightly-polluted water by capacitive deionization. Separation and Purification Technology, 2022, 282: 120122 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120122
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M He, M Zong, P Zhang, S Huo, X Zhang, X Song, K Li. Hierarchical N-doped porous 3D network electrode with enhanced capacitive deionization performance. Separation and Purification Technology, 2022, 297: 121558 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121558
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Z Ye, F Wang, C Jia, K Mu, M Yu, Y Lv, Z Shao. Nitrogen and oxygen-codoped carbon nanospheres for excellent specific capacitance and cyclic stability supercapacitor electrodes. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017, 330: 1166–1173 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.08.070
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M Kim, X Xu, R Xin, J Earnshaw, A Ashok, J Kim, T Park, A K Nanjundan, W A El-Said, J W Yi, J Na, Y Yamauchi. KOH-activated hollow ZIF-8 derived porous carbon: nanoarchitectured control for upgraded capacitive deionization and supercapacitor. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13(44): 52034–52043 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c09107
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M Kim, K L Firestein, J F S Fernando, X Xu, H Lim, D V Golberg, J Na, J Kim, H Nara, J Tang, Y Yamauchi. Strategic design of Fe and N co-doped hierarchically porous carbon as superior ORR catalyst: from the perspective of nanoarchitectonics. Chemical Science, 2022, 13(36): 10836–10845 https://doi.org/10.1039/D2SC02726G
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M Kim, C Wang, J Earnshaw, T Park, N Amirilian, A Ashok, J Na, M Han, A E Rowan, J Li, J W Yi, Y Yamauchi. Co, Fe and N co-doped 1D assembly of hollow carbon nanoboxes for high-performance supercapacitors. Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2022, 10(45): 24056–24063 https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TA06950D
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L Xu, Z Ding, Y Chen, X Xu, Y Liu, J Li, T Lu, L Pan. Carbon nanotube bridged nickel hexacyanoferrate architecture for high-performance hybrid capacitive deionization. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2023, 630: 372–381 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.140
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Y Liu, Y Zhang, Y Zhang, Q Zhang, X Gao, X Dou, H Zhu, X Yuan, L Pan. MoC nanoparticle-embedded carbon nanofiber aerogels as flow-through electrodes for highly efficient pseudocapacitive deionization. Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2020, 8(3): 1443–1450 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TA11537D
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K Wang, Y Liu, X Xu, Y Jiao, L Pan. In situ synthesis of ultrasmall NaTi2(PO4)3 nanocube decorated carbon nanofiber network enables ultrafast and superstable rocking-chair capacitive deionization. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 463: 142394 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.142394
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Z Chen, Z Ding, Y Chen, X Xu, Y Liu, T Lu, L Pan. Three-dimensional charge transfer pathway in close-packed nickel hexacyanoferrate on MXene nano-stacking for high-performance capacitive deionization. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 452: 139451 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.139451
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Z Li, S Mao, Y Yang, Z Sun, R Zhao. Controllable synthesis of a hollow core-shell Co-Fe layered double hydroxide derived from Co-MOF and its application in capacitive deionization. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2021, 585: 85–94 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.11.091
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J Elisadiki, T E Kibona, R L Machunda, M W Saleem, W S Kim, Y A C Jande. Biomass-based carbon electrode materials for capacitive deionization: a review. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2020, 10(4): 1327–1356 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-019-00463-9
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Z Shang, X An, H Zhang, M Shen, F Baker, Y Liu, L Liu, J Yang, H Cao, Q Xu, H Liu, Y Ni. Houttuynia-derived nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbon for high-performance supercapacitor. Carbon, 2020, 161: 62–70 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.01.020
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Y Liu, B Geng, Y Zhang, X Gao, X Du, X Dou, H Zhu, X Yuan. MnO2 decorated porous carbon derived from Enteromorpha prolifera as flow-through electrode for dual-mode capacitive deionization. Desalination, 2021, 504: 114977 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.114977
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L Liu, Y Lu, D Qiu, D Wang, Y Ding, G Wang, Z Liang, Z Shen, A Li, X Chen, H Song. Sodium alginate-derived porous carbon: self-template carbonization mechanism and application in capacitive energy storage. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2022, 620: 284–292 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.022
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W Yang, W Yang, L Kong, A Song, X Qin, G Shao. Phosphorus-doped 3D hierarchical porous carbon for high-performance supercapacitors: a balanced strategy for pore structure and chemical composition. Carbon, 2018, 127: 557–567 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.11.050
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S Wang, D Chen, Z X Zhang, Y Hu, H Quan. Mesopore dominated capacitive deionization of N-doped hierarchically porous carbon for water purification. Separation and Purification Technology, 2022, 290: 120912 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120912
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Z Ding, X Xu, J Li, Y Li, K Wang, T Lu, M S A Hossain, M A Amin, S Zhang, L Pan, Y Yamauchi. Nanoarchitectonics from 2D to 3D: MXenes-derived nitrogen-doped 3D nanofibrous architecture for extraordinarily-fast capacitive deionization. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 430: 133161 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.133161
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L Luo, Y Zhou, W Yan, X Wu, S Wang, W Zhao. Two-step synthesis of B and N co-doped porous carbon composites by microwave-assisted hydrothermal and pyrolysis process for supercapacitor application. Electrochimica Acta, 2020, 360: 137010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137010
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S Qiu, Z Chen, H Zhuo, Y Hu, Q Liu, X Peng, L Zhong. Using FeCl3 as a solvent, template, and activator to prepare B, N co-doping porous carbon with excellent supercapacitance. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2019, 7(19): 15983–15994 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b02431
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F Yang, S Cao, Y Tang, K Yin, Y Gao, H Pang. HCl-activated porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanopolyhedras with abundant hierarchical pores for ultrafast desalination. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2022, 628: 236–246 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.153
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Z Xie, X Shang, J Yang, B Hu, P Nie, W Jiang, J Liu. 3D interconnected boron- and nitrogen-codoped carbon nanosheets decorated with manganese oxides for high-performance capacitive deionization. Carbon, 2020, 158: 184–192 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.12.004
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S M Zheng, Z H Yuan, D D Dionysiou, L B Zhong, F Zhao, J C E Yang, Y M Zheng. Silkworm cocoon waste-derived nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon as robust electrode materials for efficient capacitive desalination. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 458: 141471 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.141471
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W Zhang, C Jin, Z Shi, L Zhu, L Chen, Y Liu, H Zhang. Biobased polyporphyrin derived porous carbon electrodes for highly efficient capacitive deionization. Chemosphere, 2022, 291: 133113 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133113
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Y Lian, L Liu, H Bao, Z Cao, J Sun, J Zhao, H Zhang. Noncorrosive and nonpolluting synthesis of biomass-derived nanosheets with B, N Codoping. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2022, 5(7): 8885–8891 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c01373
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M Chu, W Tian, J Zhao, M Zou, Z Lu, D Zhang, J Jiang. A comprehensive review of capacitive deionization technology with biochar-based electrodes: biochar-based electrode preparation, deionization mechanism and applications. Chemosphere, 2022, 307: 136024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136024
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Y Zhou, J Ren, L Xia, Q Zheng, J Liao, E Long, F Xie, C Xu, D Lin. Waste soybean dreg-derived N/O co-doped hierarchical porous carbon for high performance supercapacitor. Electrochimica Acta, 2018, 284: 336–345 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.134
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X Song, D Fang, S Huo, K Li. 3D-ordered honeycomb-like nitrogen-doped micro-mesoporous carbon for brackish water desalination using capacitive deionization. Environmental Science. Nano, 2021, 8(8): 2191–2203 https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EN00276G
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D Guo, B Ding, X Hu, Y Wang, F Han, X Wu. Synthesis of boron and nitrogen codoped porous carbon foam for high performance supercapacitors. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2018, 6(9): 11441–11449 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b01435
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H Zhang, C Wang, W Zhang, M Zhang, J Qi, J Qian, X Sun, B Yuliarto, J Na, T Park, H G A Gomaa, Y V Kaneti, J W Yi, Y Yamauchi, J Li. Nitrogen, phosphorus co-doped eave-like hierarchical porous carbon for efficient capacitive deionization. Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2021, 9(21): 12807–12817 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA10797B
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R He, M Neupane, A Zia, X Huang, C Bowers, M Wang, J Lu, Y Yang, P Dong. Binder-free wood converted carbon for enhanced water desalination performance. Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 32(49): 2208040 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202208040
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N Wu, X Gu, S Zhou, X Han, H Leng, P Zhang, P Yang, Y Qi, S Li, J Qiu. Hierarchical porous N, S co-doped carbon derived from fish scales for enhanced membrane capacitive deionization. Electrochimica Acta, 2022, 409: 139983 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2022.139983
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A S Yasin, I M A Mohamed, H M Mousa, C H Park, C S Kim. Facile synthesis of TiO2/ZrO2 nanofibers/nitrogen co-doped activated carbon to enhance the desalination and bacterial inactivation via capacitive deionization. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 541 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-19027-w
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H Zhang, J Tian, X Cui, J Li, Z Zhu. Highly mesoporous carbon nanofiber electrodes with ultrahigh specific surface area for efficient capacitive deionization. Carbon, 2023, 201: 920–929 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2022.10.002
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P Zhang, P A Fritz, K Schroen, H Duan, R M Boom, M B Chan-Park. Zwitterionic polymer modified porous carbon for high-performance and antifouling capacitive desalination. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(39): 33564–33573 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b11708
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M Shi, X Hong, C Liu, H Qiang, F Wang, M Xia. Green double organic salt activation strategy for one-step synthesis of N-doped 3D hierarchical porous carbon for capacitive deionization. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 453: 139764 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.139764
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M E Suss, S Porada, X Sun, P M Biesheuvel, J Yoon, V Presser. Water desalination via capacitive deionization: what is it and what can we expect from it?. Energy & Environmental Science, 2015, 8(8): 2296–2319 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE00519A
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T Lu, Y Liu, X Xu, L Pan, A A Alothman, J Shapter, Y Wang, Y Yamauchi. Highly efficient water desalination by capacitive deionization on biomass-derived porous carbon nanoflakes. Separation and Purification Technology, 2021, 256: 117771 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117771
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X Liu, H Liu, M Mi, W Kong, Y Ge, J Hu. Nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon aerogel for high-performance capacitive deionization. Separation and Purification Technology, 2019, 224: 44–50 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.010
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Y Li, Y Liu, M Wang, X Xu, T Lu, C Q Sun, L Pan. Phosphorus-doped 3D carbon nanofiber aerogels derived from bacterial-cellulose for highly-efficient capacitive deionization. Carbon, 2018, 130: 377–383 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.01.035
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W Xing, M Zhang, J Liang, W Tang, P Li, Y Luo, N Tang, J Guo. Facile synthesis of pinecone biomass-derived phosphorus-doping porous carbon electrodes for efficient electrochemical salt removal. Separation and Purification Technology, 2020, 251: 117357 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117357
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Z Cao, S Hu, J Yu, L Wang, Q Yang, H Song, S Zhang. Enhanced capacitive deionization of toxic metal ions using nanoporous walnut shell-derived carbon. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2022, 10(5): 108245 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.108245
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H H Kyaw, M T Z Myint, S AlHarthi, M AlAbri. Removal of heavy metal ions by capacitive deionization: effect of surface modification on ions adsorption. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020, 385: 121565 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121565
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G Bharath, A Hai, K Rambabu, F Ahmed, A S Haidyrah, N Ahmad, S W Hasan, F Banat. Hybrid capacitive deionization of NaCl and toxic heavy metal ions using faradic electrodes of silver nanospheres decorated pomegranate peel-derived activated carbon. Environmental Research, 2021, 197: 111110 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111110
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D Liu, S Xu, Y Cai, Y Wang, J Guo, Y Li. A coupling technology of capacitive deionization and carbon-supported petal-like VS2 composite for effective and selective adsorption of lead(II) ions. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2022, 910: 116152 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116152
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Y Li, R Xu, L Qiao, Y Li, D Wang, D Li, X Liang, G Xu, M Gao, H Gong, X Zhang, H Qiu, K Liang, P Chen, Y Li. Controlled synthesis of ZnO modified N-doped porous carbon nanofiber membrane for highly efficient removal of heavy metal ions by capacitive deionization. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2022, 338: 111889 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2022.111889
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B Xu, R Wang, Y Fan, B Li, J Zhang, F Peng, Y Du, W Yang. Flexible self-supporting electrode for high removal performance of arsenic by capacitive deionization. Separation and Purification Technology, 2022, 299: 121732 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121732
