The energy-free purification of trace thallium(I)-contaminated potable water using a high-selective filter paper with multi-layered Prussian blue decoration
1. Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China 2. College of Light Chemical Industry and Materials Engineering, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan 528333, China
Thallium is a highly toxic metal, and trace amount of thallium(I) (Tl+) in potable water could cause a severe water crisis, which arouses the exploitation of highly-effective technology for purification of Tl+ contaminated water. This report proposes the multi-layered Prussian blue (PB)-decorated composite membranes (PBx@PDA/PEI-FP) based on the aminated filter papers for Tl+ uptake. Extensively characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer-attenuated total reflectance, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were performed to confirm the in situ growth of cubic PB crystals on filter paper membrane surfaces via the aminated layers, and the successful fabrication of multi-layered PB overcoats via the increasing of aminated layers. The effect of PB layers on Tl+ removal by PBx@PDA/PEI-FP from simulated drinking water was evaluated as well as the influence of different experimental conditions. A trade-off between PB decoration layer number and PB distribution sizes is existed in Tl+ uptake by PBx@PDA/PEI-FP. The double-layered PB2@PDA/PEI-FP membrane showed the maximum sorption capacity, but its Tl+ uptake performance was weakened by the acid, coexisting ions (K+ and Na+) and powerful operation pressure, during filtrating a large volume of low-concentrated Tl+-containing water. However, the negative effect of coexisting ions on the Tl+ uptake could be effectively eliminated in weak alkaline water, and the Tl+ removal was increased up to 100% without any pressure driving for PB2@PDA/PEI-FP membrane. Most importantly, PB2@PDA/PEI-FP displayed the high-efficiency and high-selectivity in purifying the Tl+-spiked Pearl River water, in which the residual Tl+ in filtrate was less than 2 μg·L–1 to meet the drinking water standard of United States Environmental Protection Agency. This work provides a feasible avenue to safeguard the drinking water in remote and underdeveloped area via the energy-free operation.
. [J]. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2024, 18(2): 13.
Jiangyan Lu, Zhu Xiong, Yuhang Cheng, Qingwu Long, Kaige Dong, Hongguo Zhang, Dinggui Luo, Li Yu, Wei Zhang, Gaosheng Zhang. The energy-free purification of trace thallium(I)-contaminated potable water using a high-selective filter paper with multi-layered Prussian blue decoration. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(2): 13.
Y López , E Reguera . Magnetic Prussian blue derivative like absorbent cages for an efficient thallium removal. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 283: 124587 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124587
2
V Cheam . Thallium contamination of water in Canada. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, 2001, 36(4): 851–877 https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2001.046
H Li , J Chen , J Long , X Li , D Jiang , P Zhang , J Qi , X Huang , J Liu , R Xu . et al.. Removal of thallium from aqueous solutions using Fe-Mn binary oxides. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 338: 296–305 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.05.033
5
J Liu , J Wang , D Tsang , T Xiao , Y Chen , L Hou . Emerging thallium pollution in China and source tracing by thallium isotopes. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018, 52(21): 11977–11979 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05282
6
H Li , J Chen , J Long , D Jiang , J Liu , S Li , J Qi , P Zhang , J Wang , J Gong . et al.. Simultaneous removal of thallium and chloride from a highly saline industrial wastewater using modified anion exchange resins. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 333: 179–185 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.03.020
7
M Sinyakova , E A Semenova , O A Gamuletskaya . Ion exchange of copper(II), lanthanum(III), thallium(I), and mercury(II) on the “polysurmin” substance. Russian Journal of General Chemistry, 2014, 84(13): 2516–2520 https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070363214130040
8
Z Li , C Liu , R Ma , Y Yu , Z Chang , X Zhang , C Yang , D Chen , Y Yu , W Li . et al.. Rapid removal of thallium from water by a new magnetic nano-composite using graphene oxide for efficient separation. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2021, 161: 105245 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2021.105245
9
Z Zhao , Y Xiong , X Cheng , X Hou , Y Yang , Y Tian , J You , L Xu . Adsorptive removal of trace thallium(I) from wastewater: a review and new perspectives. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020, 393: 122378 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122378
10
L EscuderoR G WuilloudR A Olsina. Sensitive determination of thallium species in drinking and natural water by ionic liquid-assisted ion-pairing liquid-liquid microextraction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2013, 244–245: 380–386
11
Y Yang , J Xiao , Y Shen , X Liu , W Li , W Wang , Y Yang . The efficient removal of thallium from sintering flue gas desulfurization wastewater in ferrous metallurgy using emulsion liquid membrane. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2017, 24(31): 24214–24222 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0040-0
12
Y Ussipbekova , G Seilkhanova , C Jeyabharathi , F Scholz , A Kurbatov , M Nauryzbaev , A Berezovskiy . Electrochemical deposition and dissolution of thallium from sulfate solutions. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 7: 357–514 https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/357514
13
X Pei , L Gan , Z Tong , H Gao , S Meng , W Zhang , P Wang , Y Chen . Robust cellulose-based composite adsorption membrane for heavy metal removal. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021, 406: 124746 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124746
14
N Abdullah , N Yusof , W J Lau , J Jaafar , A F Ismail . Recent trends of heavy metal removal from water/wastewater by membrane technologies. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2019, 76: 17–38 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2019.03.029
15
J Tian , H Chang , R Zhang . How to fabricate a negatively charged NF membrane for heavy metal removal via the interfacial polymerization between PIP and TMC?. Desalination, 2020, 491: 114499 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114499
16
J Efome , D Rana , T Matsuura , C Q Lan . Insight studies on metal-organic framework nanofibrous membrane adsorption and activation for heavy metal ions removal from aqueous solution. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(22): 18619–18629 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b01454
17
Z Wang , S Liu , H Zhang , Z Zhang , J Jiang , D He , S Lin . Thallium mining from industrial wastewaters enabled by a dynamic composite membrane process. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2022, 186: 106577 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106577
18
Y Shi , L Huang , S Mahmud , G Zhang , H Li , Y Wang , T Xiao , Q Zeng , Z Liu , H Yu . et al.. High-efficiently capturing trace thallium(I) from wastewater via the Prussian blue@polytetrafluoroethylene hybrid membranes. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 451: 138712 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.138712
19
T Bhattacharjee , M Islam , D Chowdhury , G Majumdar . In-situ generated carbon dot modified filter paper for heavy metals removal in water. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 2021, 16: 100582 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2021.100582
20
H Kim , H Wi , S Kang , S Yoon , S Bae , Y Hwang . Prussian blue immobilized cellulosic filter for the removal of aqueous cesium. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 670: 779–788 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.234
21
H Lin , Q Fang , W Wang , G Li , J Guan , Y Shen , J Ye , F Liu . Prussian blue/PVDF catalytic membrane with exceptional and stable Fenton oxidation performance for organic pollutants removal. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2020, 273: 119047 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119047
22
W Qiu , H Yang , Z Xu . Dopamine-assisted co-deposition: an emerging and promising strategy for surface modification. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2018, 256: 111–125 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2018.04.011
23
J Pi , H Yang , L Wan , J Wu , Z Xu . Polypropylene microfiltration membranes modified with TiO2 nanoparticles for surface wettability and antifouling property. Journal of Membrane Science, 2016, 500: 8–15 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2015.11.014
24
F Qu , A Cao , Y Yang , S Mahmud , P Su , J Yang , Z He , Q Lai , L Zhu , Z Tu . et al.. Hierarchically superhydrophilic poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane with self-cleaning fabricated by surface mineralization for stable separation of oily wastewater. Journal of Membrane Science, 2021, 640: 119864 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119864
25
Y Yang , Q Lai , S Mahmud , J Lu , G Zhang , Z Huang , Q Wu , Q Zeng , Y Huang , H Lei . et al.. Potocatalytic antifouling membrane with dense nano-TiO2 coating for efficient oil-in-water emulsion separation and self-cleaning. Journal of Membrane Science, 2022, 645: 120–204 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120204
26
Y Lv , C Zhang , A He , S Yang , G Wu , S Darling , Z Xu . Photocatalytic nanofiltration membranes with self-cleaning property for wastewater treatment. Advanced Functional Materials, 2017, 27(27): 1700251 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201700251
27
Y Lv , S Yang , Y Du , Z Xu . Co-deposition kinetics of polydopamine/polyethyleneimine coatings: effects of solution composition and substrate surface. Langmuir, 2018, 34(44): 13123–13131 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02454
28
S Mondal , S Ganguly , P Das , P Bhawal , T Das , L Nayak , D Khastgir , N Das . High-performance carbon nanofiber coated cellulose filter paper for electromagnetic interference shielding. Cellulose (London, England), 2017, 24(11): 5117–5131 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1441-4
29
F Yu , S Chen , Y Chen , H Li , L Yang , Y Chen , Y Yin . Experimental and theoretical analysis of polymerization reaction process on the polydopamine membranes and its corrosion protection properties for 304 stainless steel. Journal of Molecular Structure, 2010, 982(1): 152–161 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.08.021
30
J Qian , L Zhou , X Yang , D Hua , N Wu . Prussian blue analogue functionalized magnetic microgels with ionized chitosan for the cleaning of cesium-contaminated clay. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020, 386: 121965 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121965
31
J Ederer , P Janoš , P Ecorchard , J Tolasz , V Štengl , H Beneš , M Perchacz , O Pop-Georgievski . Determination of amino groups on functionalized graphene oxide for polyurethane nanomaterials: XPS quantitation vs. functional speciation. RSC Advances, 2017, 7(21): 12464–12473 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA28745J
32
A A Forment , R Weitz , A Sagar , E Lee , M Konuma , M Burghard , K Kern . Strong p-type doping of individual carbon nanotubes by Prussian blue functionalization. Small, 2008, 4(10): 1671–1675 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200800803
33
A Cano , J Rodríguez-Hernández , L Reguera , E Rodríguez-Castellón , E Reguera . On the scope of XPS as sensor in coordination chemistry of transition metal hexacyanometallates. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2019, 13(13): 1724–1732 https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201801556
34
Z Yuan , R Zhao , G Sun , P Li , S Yin , G Zhou , G He , X Jiang . Membrane flux response technology for early warning of initial surface scaling in membrane distillation. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2023, 55: 104104 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104104
35
G Huang , J Chen , P Dou , X Yang , L Zhang . in situ electrosynthesis of magnetic Prussian blue/ferrite composites for removal of cesium in aqueous radioactive waste. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2020, 323(1): 557–565 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-019-06966-z
36
H Wang , J Liu , J Yao , Q He , J Ma , H Chai , C Liu , X Hu , Y Chen , Y Zou . et al.. Transport of Tl(I) in water-saturated porous media: role of carbonate, phosphate and macromolecular organic matter. Water Research, 2020, 186: 116325 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116325
37
B Tansel . Significance of thermodynamic and physical characteristics on permeation of ions during membrane separation: hydrated radius, hydration free energy and viscous effects. Separation and Purification Technology, 2012, 86: 119–126 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2011.10.033
38
H Zhang , J Qi , F Liu , Z Wang , X Ma , D He . One-pot synthesis of magnetic Prussian blue for the highly selective removal of thallium(I) from wastewater: mechanism and implications. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022, 423: 126972 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126972
39
S Wick , B Baeyens , F M Marques , A Voegelin . Thallium adsorption onto illite. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018, 52(2): 571–580 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04485
40
T Vincent , J Taulemesse , A Dauvergne , T Chanut , F Testa , E Guibal . Thallium(I) sorption using Prussian blue immobilized in alginate capsules. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2014, 99: 517–526 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.076
41
X Ma , Y Wang , L Tong , J Luo , R Chen , Y Wang , X Guo , J Wang , Z Zhou , J Qi . et al.. Gravity-driven membrane system treating heavy metals-containing secondary effluent: improved removal of heavy metals and mechanism. Chemosphere, 2023, 339: 139590 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139590
42
N Belzile , Y Chen . Thallium in the environment: a critical review focused on natural waters, soils, sediments and airborne particles. Applied Geochemistry, 2017, 84: 218–243 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.06.013
43
B Karbowska . Presence of thallium in the environment: sources of contaminations, distribution and monitoring methods. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2016, 188(11): 640 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5647-y
44
A Peter , T Viraraghavan . Thallium: a review of public health and environmental concerns. Environment International, 2005, 31(4): 493–501 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2004.09.003
45
J Liu , X Luo , Y Sun , D Tsang , J Qi , W Zhang , N Li , M Yin , J Wang , H Lippold . et al.. Thallium pollution in China and removal technologies for waters: a review. Environment International, 2019, 126: 771–790 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.076
